Chapter 17 Flashcards
Age Regression and Progression Photography
A process of taking a picture of a person and simulating
their appearance at either a younger or older age by manipulating the picture.
Multiplexed images
When multiple cameras feed into a single recorder that compile either a sequential of superimposed image.
Linguistics
The study of language.
Intentional forgery
When a person intentionally adds forced or unusual features into their own signature such that they can later disclaim the signature.
Electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA)
A device that uses a high voltage electrostatic charge to
visualize indented writing.
Rhythm
The regular repetition or “periodicity” of various writing elements, such as word and letter spacing and the visual “flow” of the words on a paper.
Trash marks
(Dirt and scratches on the window of a photocopier that are seen as small specks on the copy.
Sound spectrograph
A device that records the intensities of difference frequencies of sound as a function of time, usually as someone speaks.
Voice recognition
The application of aspects of voice production and speech that can be used for voice identification and voice verification.
Questioned document
Any document over which there is some legal dispute regarding its origin, authenticity, or authorship.
Traced forgery
Use of an authentic signature as a template that is carefully followed in making the forgery.
Specular highlights
The bright spots that result from strong illumination, such as from the sun or artificial lighting, on the surface of the subject in the picture.
Obliterated writing
Writing where the original text is concealed by adding an opaque substances to block out the ability to visibly read a portion of the document.
Simulation
An attempt by someone to disguise their handwriting.
Non-request exemplar
Handwriting sample of known origin that is written under “natural” conditions, usually before the person’s writing was of any legal interest.
Request exemplar
A writing sample provided by a suspect when asked.
Chromatography
A method that uses the varying interactions of different chemical compounds towards a common material to separate the components of a mixture.
Altered writing
Changes made to a document that including erasures, additions and deletions.
Handwriting style
A basic styles of handwriting such as block, script, and cursive.
Forgery
The act of preparing or altering a document, signature, financial certificate, work of art, or other item with the intention to defraud, damage or cheat.
Indented writing
When writing on a piece of paper that lies on top of other sheets causes indentations on the underlying pages.
Frequency
The number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit of time.
Graphology
A pseudoscientific field that tried to form a connection between the features of a person’s handwriting and their personality or character traits.
Fictitious signature
An instance where either or both the document and the signer are imaginary such that there are no exemplars and the signature cannot readily be compared with others samples.
De-multiplexing
The process of separating multiplexed images into the images obtained from a single source (camera).
Exemplar
A writing samples of known authorship.
Frame averaging
When several adjacent images are added together to reduce random noise and enhance the image on the recording.
Hyperspectral imaging
An imaging system that gathers light from a wide band of the electromagnetic spectrum and breaks it into smaller bands for processing – each band covering a relatively small portion of the spectrum.
