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Forensic Science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorption

A

In spectroscopy, it is the absorption or uptake of light by a substance, accompanied by an increase in the energy of the molecules or atoms of the substance.

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2
Q

Corrosive Poisons

A

Substances that physically destroy tissues upon direct contact and usually act immediately, such as strong acids and bases.

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3
Q

Cytotoxin

A

A substance that is toxic to cells.

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4
Q

Analyte

A

The compound that you’re analyzing for.

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5
Q

Chronic Exposure

A

An amount of a chemical administered over a long period of time.

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6
Q

Acute Dose

A

An amount of a chemical administered over a short period of time.

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7
Q

Controlled Substance Act (CSA)

A

A law that established the legal US foundation for the criminal guidelines for holding different amounts of controlled substances.

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8
Q

Barbiturates

A

Derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants.

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9
Q

BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)

A

A measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream,

usually given in terms of grams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood (sometimes referred to as milligram percent).

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10
Q

Acidosis

A

The acidification of the blood.

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11
Q

Bioavailability

A

The amount of the compound that reaches the bloodstream

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12
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The accumulation of a substance in an organism.

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13
Q

Elimination

A

The removal of substances, such as metabolic waste products, from the body.

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14
Q

Dose

A

The amount of a substance administered at a particular time.

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15
Q

Ethnopharmacology

A

The exploration of traditional folk remedies for finding new drugs.

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16
Q

Depressants

A

Compounds that act to depress the functioning of the central nervous system, bringing about calmness and sleep.

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17
Q

Distribution

A

The spreading of a substance after administration throughout an organism.

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18
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Compounds that alter normal thought processes, perceptions, personal awareness, and psychological moods.

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19
Q

Field Sobriety Test

A

Testing that involves a series of behavioral tasks done by a person suspected of being intoxicated.

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20
Q

Henry’s Law:

A

The physical principle that states that when a solution containing a dissolved volatile compound is brought into contact with a gas, a fixed equilibrium is setup between the amount of the volatile compound in the air and the amount dissolved in the liquid.

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21
Q

Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus (HGN)

A

A test that examines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side to gage levels of alcohol impairment.

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22
Q

Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus (HGN)

A

A test that examines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side to gage levels of alcohol impairment.

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23
Q

Synesthesia

A

An effect that occurs when stimulation of one sensory form leads to stimulation of another sensation.

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24
Q

Toxicology

A

The field that deals with the effects or poisons and their effects.

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25
Q

Venom

A

A toxin that is injected directly into a victim.

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26
Q

Toxin

A

A subset of poisons that are produced specifically by living organisms.

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27
Q

Tolerance

A

The capacity of an organism to endure administration of a dose of a chemical.

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28
Q

Neurotoxins:

A

Molecules that interfere with the normal functioning of nerve cells.

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29
Q

Metabolic Poisons

A

Compounds that act by affecting the biochemical functioning of cells and tissues Metabolite

30
Q

Medicine

A

A drug or chemical used for the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of disease.

31
Q

Metabolite

A

Compound formed from the metabolism of a drug.

32
Q

Steroids

A

Compounds that promote muscle growth and repair, regulate metabolism and immune function, and control blood properties

33
Q

Semi-synthetic Opiates

A

Drugs made synthetically from the naturally occurring opiates.

34
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how a person works on the drug.

35
Q

Subcutaneous

A

The injection of a substance directly into the skin layers.

36
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a drug works on a person.

37
Q

Side Effect

A

A secondary effect from a medical treatment.

38
Q

Poison

A

A compound that function primarily by killing cells.

39
Q

Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST):

A

A battery of tasks used to evaluate impairment as the

basis of a probable cause for arrest.

40
Q

Opiods

A

Drugs made independently in the laboratory that function similarly to the opiates.

41
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cells.

42
Q

Stimulants

A

Compounds that increase alertness and activity.

43
Q

Opiates

A

Compounds derived from opium sap.

44
Q

Synapses

A

Junctions between nerve cells that complete the electrical connections in the nervous system.

45
Q

Lethal Dose (LD50):

A

The amount of a substance administered at one time that is necessary to cause death, usually given a probability of death for a portion of a population.

46
Q

Ingestion

A

Oral (by mouth) The entry of a chemical into the body through the gastrointestinal tract.

47
Q

Intramuscular

A

The injection of a substance directly into a muscle.

48
Q

Intravenous

A

The injection of a substance directly into a blood vessel.

49
Q

Injection

A

The insertion of a compound either directly into the bloodstream or nearby tissue.

50
Q

Congeners:

A

Other substances, besides alcohol, that are found in alcoholic beverages.

51
Q

Opiods

A

Drugs made independently in the laboratory that function similarly to the opiates.

52
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how a person works on the drug.

53
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a drug works on a person.

54
Q

Opiates

A

Compounds derived from opium sap.

55
Q

Ingestion

A

Oral (by mouth) The entry of a chemical into the body through the gastrointestinal tract. Intramuscular: The injection of a substance directly into a muscle.

56
Q

Subcutaneous

A

The injection of a substance directly into the skin layers.

57
Q

Synapses

A

Junctions between nerve cells that complete the electrical connections in the nervous system.

58
Q

Steroids

A

Compounds that promote muscle growth and repair, regulate metabolism and immune function, and control blood properties

59
Q

Stimulants

A

Compounds that increase alertness and activity.

60
Q

Intravenous

A

The injection of a substance directly into a blood vessel.

61
Q

Poison

A

A compound that function primarily by killing cells.

62
Q

Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST)

A

A battery of tasks used to evaluate impairment as the

basis of a probable cause for arrest.

63
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cells.

64
Q

Side Effect

A

A secondary effect from a medical treatment.

65
Q

Semi-synthetic Opiates

A

Drugs made synthetically from the naturally occurring opiates.

66
Q

Lethal Dose (LD50)

A

The amount of a substance administered at one time that is necessary to cause death, usually given a probability of death for a portion of a population.

67
Q

Injection

A

The insertion of a compound either directly into the bloodstream or nearby tissue.

68
Q

Ethanol

A

The chemical compound CH3CH2OH, usually refers to the alcohol used in all human consumption.

69
Q

Half-life (t½)

A

The amount of time necessary for one-half of the original sample to change, decompose or decay away.

70
Q

Analgesic

A

A compound that relieves pain.

71
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzyme

A

An enzyme of the liver that converts ethanol (CH3CH2OH) into acetaldehyde (CH3CHO).

Forensic Science (12 decks)

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