Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensic Science > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ground state

A

The lowest energy state of an atom or molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Excited state

A

States with more energy than the ground (lowest energy level) in an atom or molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Base Peak

A

The most intense peak in the mass spectrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parent Peak

A

The peak corresponding to the complete molecule – usually the highest mass peak in the spectrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emission

A

When an electron in an excited energy state (excited state) returns to the a lower energy state, the transition energy is emitted as light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Absorption

A

In spectroscopy, it is the absorption or uptake of light by a substance, accompanied by an increase in the energy of the molecules or atoms of the substance. When electrons become excited from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing light energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mass-to-charge

A

The measured mass as a ratio to its charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alpha Emission

A

The ejection of a helium nucleus, containing two neutrons and two protons, from a radioactive nucleus to form a new atom that is four mass units lighter and shifted two
elements to the left in the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antibonding

A

A type of chemical bonding that inhibits bonding between atoms and whose energy increases as atoms are brought closer together, resulting in a net repulsion between the atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Color

A

The way that our eyes and brain perceive different wavelengths of light in the visible range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beta Emission

A

The emission of an electron from a radioactive nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beta Emission

A

The emission of an electron from a radioactive nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

The process whereby carbon is exchanged between living and non-living components in a cyclic arrangement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Detector

A

An instrument, or part of an instrument, designed to detect the presence of electromagnetic radiation or radioactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Emission

A

The giving off of electromagnetic radiation or radioactivity as an atom or molecule goes from a higher to a lower energy state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gamma Emission

A

The emission of a high-energy photon of electromagnetic radiation in the gamma ray region from a radioactive nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gas Chromatography

A

A for of chromatography, used for separating mixtures into its individual components, that uses a gas as the mobile phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isotope

A

Two or more atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

21
Q

Infrared Spectroscopy

A

The measurement of the absorption of light between about 500 to 1500 cm1 that causes quantized vibrations in molecules.

22
Q

Half-life

A

The amount of time necessary for one-half of the original sample to change, decompose or decay away.

23
Q

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

A

The principle that states that we can never know

simultaneously both the position and the momentum of an object with complete certainty.

24
Q

Ground State

A

The lowest energy state of an atom or molecule.

25
Q

Radioactivity

A

The spontaneous emission of particles and/or electromagnetic radiation in nuclear decay.

26
Q

Mass Spectrometry

A

An instrumental method that separates ionized, gas-phase molecules and molecular fragments by their masses and records the distribution of the observed masses in a
mass spectrum.

27
Q

Radiocarbon Dating

A

The analytical method that is used for determining the age of once living, carbon-containing materials based upon the amount of radioactive carbon-14 measured in the
sample.

28
Q

Radioactivity

A

The spontaneous emission of particles and/or electromagnetic radiation in nuclear decay.

29
Q

Radioactive Decay

A

The disintegration or unstable nuclei with the emission of particles and/or electromagnetic radiation.

30
Q

Atomic Mass (weight)

A

The mass of an atom that is expressed in the standard unit of atomic mass units (amu): approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

31
Q

Mass-to-Charge Ratio (m/e or sometimes m/z)

A

The relationship between mass and charge given by

the equation: m/e = H2r2/2V. Typically, this is the mass measurement in a mass spectrum.

32
Q

Molecular Formula

A

The chemical formula that shows the number and kind of each atom in a molecule.

33
Q

Mobile Phase

A

In chromatography, the component that moves the solute past a fixed medium.

34
Q

Quantization

A

The act of restricting or limiting the possible values that a value may have to a finite set, usually determined by a set of rules described in quantum mechanics.

35
Q

Molecular Ion - See “Parent Ion”

A

Parent Ion – The peak in the mass spectrum corresponding to the complete molecule, usually the
highest mass peak in the spectrum

36
Q

Molecular Weight -

A

The mass of a molecule that is expressed in the standard unit of atomic mass units (amu). Determined by the sum of the atomic masses of all of the atoms that make up the
molecule.

37
Q

Retention Factor (Rf)

A

A measure of the degree of interaction of a substance in chromatography with the stationary phase. Determined by dividing the distance the substance traveled by the
distance the mobile phase traveled during a period of time.

38
Q

Neutron Activation Analysis

A

The analytical method that measures the characteristic energy emission from atoms in a sample after bombardment with neutrons to determine the atomic
composition of the sample.

39
Q

Neutron Activation Analysis

A

The analytical method that measures the characteristic energy emission from atoms in a sample after bombardment with neutrons to determine the atomic
composition of the sample.

40
Q

Spectroscopy

A

The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter as a function of its wavelength or frequency.

41
Q

Electron Impact Ionization

A

The ejection of an electron from an atom or molecule caused by the impact of a high energy electron.

42
Q

Stationary Phase

A

In chromatography, the component that remains fixed (does not move) during the separation.

43
Q

Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy

A

The measurement of absorptions of light between about 150 and 750 nm by substances.

44
Q

Visible light

A

Electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye, typically from between 280 nm to 750 nm.

45
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance measured between like points of successive waves, such as the distance between the crest of one wave to the crest of the following wave.

46
Q

Nuclide

A

A type of atom that is defined by its number of protons and neutrons and its quantum state.

47
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

Radiation that is made up of perpendicular electrical and magnetic waves that oscillate as they moves through space.

48
Q

Functional Group

A

The part of a molecule that defines its chemical structure and is responsible for a characteristic set of reactions.

Forensic Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions