Chapter 17 Flashcards
Goal of Treatment
Help change maladaptive thoughts, feelings, behaviours
Resources
Psychologists & psychiatrists
Psychiatric social workers
Marriage & family counsellors
Pastoral counsellors
Abuse counsellors
Process of therapy
relationship of client and therapist with the addition of therapy techniques to lead to a therapeutic outcome
Psychoanalysis
Goal: Help patients achieve insight
Insight = conscious awareness of psychodynamics underlying problems
Adjust behaviour underlying problems learned in childhood
free association and dream interpretation
transference-client responds to therapist like they are a important figure from their past-brings out repressed feelings and maladaptive behaviors
Humanistic Psychotherapies
Conscious control of behaviour
Personal responsibility-focus on the present over the past
Disordered behaviour
Function of distorted perceptions, lack of awareness, negative self-image
Client-centered therapy
Carl Rogers
Focused on therapeutic environment
Unconditional positive regard
Accept clients without judgment or evaluation
Empathy
View the world through client’s eyes
Genuineness
Consistency between therapist’s feelings & behaviours
Gestalt Therapy
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Goal: Bring feelings, wishes, and thoughts into awareness
Make client “whole” again
Methods
Often carried out in groups
More active and dramatic approaches than client-centered approaches
Cognitive Therapies
Aaron Beck & Albert Ellis
Focus
Role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
Help clients discover & change cognitions that underlie problems
Rational emotive therapy
Activating event
Belief system
Consequences (emotional & behavioural)
Disputing or challenging maladaptive emotions, behaviours
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Irrational beliefs
Ideas underlie maladaptive response
Point out errors of thinking
Help clients identify & reprogram “automated” thought patterns
Treating unipolar depression
Changes in brain function noted after course of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Showed change in both limbic system and cortex
Behaviour Therapies
Maladaptive behaviours are the problem, not a symptom
Problem behaviours are learned
Maladaptive behaviours can be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning, modeling
exposure therapy
Treat phobias through exposure to feared CS in the absence of UCS
Response prevention used to keep the operant avoidance response from occurring
Flooding
Exposed to real-life stimuli
Implosion
Imagine scenes involving stimuli
Systematic Desensitization
Learning-based treatment for anxiety disorders
Eliminate anxiety through counterconditioning
In-Vivo desensitization
Controlled exposure to ‘real life’ situations
Creates more anxiety during treatment than systematic desensitization
Anxiety may reduce more quickly though
Aversion Therapy
Condition an aversion to a CS (e.g. alcoholic drink)
CS paired with noxious UCS
Social Skills Training
Modeling approach
Learning of new skills by observing and imitating a model who performs a socially skillful behaviour
Key Factor
Increased self-efficacy
Believe you can - you succeed!
Watching some one else = I can do that too!
Mindfulness-based approaches
Acceptance
Commitment
Dialectical behaviour therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Focus on mindfulness as vehicle of change
Exert control over thoughts and feelings
Dialectical behaviour therapy
Borderline personality disorder
Elements from cognitive, humanistic, behavioural, psychodynamic therapies
Dose-response effect
Amount of treatment & quality of outcome
Buspirone (Buspar)
Fewer side effects
Enhances inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
Reduce anxiety without affecting alertness
Slow down excitatory synaptic activity
Side effects: drowsiness, lethargy, dependence
Tricyclics
antidepressant
Increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin
Prevent reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
antidepressant
Increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin
Monamine oxidase breaksdown neurotransmitters
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Block reuptake of serotonin
Milder side effects than other antidepressants
Reduce depressive symptoms more rapidly
