Chapter 16 The Peloponnesian War 431 - 399 BC

Question 1

Nicias

Answer 1

Athenian Aristocrat leader that negotiated a treaty with Sparta

Question 2

Archidamian War

Answer 2

War that broke out because Sparta saw that Athens would keep centralizing power until she became irresistibly strong

Question 3

Demosthenes

Answer 3

imaginative Athenian general that hoped to use allies to force Boeotia and Corinth onto Athen’s side and defeat Sparta

Question 4

Pylos

Answer 4

Demosthenes thought this was a good base for raiding Sparta and encouraging helots to revolt.

Question 5

Sphacteria

Answer 5

long narrow island, blacked Spartans ships

Question 6

Brasidas

Answer 6

Spartan general who commanded one ship, was wounded several times trying to establish a bridgehead.

Question 7

Alcibiades

Answer 7

an Alcmaeonid, felt personally insulted by the treaty that Nicias negotiation with Sparta
-his family once represented Spartan interests in Athens

Question 8

Melos

Answer 8

independent Cycladic island that Athens forced to join the empire and pay tribute.
-Athens gave them an ultimatum, join or be destroyed

Question 9

Gylippus

Answer 9

Spartan general sent to assist Syracusans in Seige of Syracuse 415 - 413 BC

Question 10

Decelea

Answer 10

Sparta fortified this hill and garrisoned it year round, forcing thousands of Athenian peasants to move inside Athen’s walls

Question 11

Hannibal

Answer 11

“the god Baal has given me grace”; Cathage’s general that shipped 100,000 men and advanced siege machines to Sicily in the war (412 - 404 BC)

Question 12

Dionysius

Answer 12

405 BC; Former follower of Hermocrates harnessed anger against generals and persuaded Assembly to recall its exiles, who were under obligation to ____ personally

Question 13

The Four Hundred

Answer 13

411 BC; said they would draw up a list of 5000 men of property who would form the new government of Athens

Question 14

Xenophon

Answer 14

essayist and friend of Socrates
wrote around 360 BC,
Began is how Greek history where Thucydides stops, but with new detail and understanding

Question 15

Lysander

Answer 15

admiral in Sparta

-forged a friendship with Agesilaus, half brother of King Agis of Sparta,

Question 16

The Thirty

Answer 16

A council of thirty oligarchs established by Lysander to rule Athens, he ordered them to restore Athens “ancestral constitution”

Question 17

Herms

Answer 17

small statues that turned away evil.

-a block of stone with a face and an erect penis

Question 18

Peace of Nicias

Answer 18

concluded in 421, stopped fighting between Athens and Sparta but left many things unsettled to bring real peace

Question 19

Cleon

Answer 19

Demogague in Athens that influenced the Assembly to reject the offer of a truce from Sparta, certain that once Athens held the Spartiates hostage, she would get much better terms