Chapter 10 Sparta and Athens

Question 1

helots

Answer 1

state owned serfs that worked the land while citizens followed a life long program of military training in centralized institutions

Question 2

Spartan mirage

Answer 2

a vision of stability, hierarchy, and order in which all knew their place

Question 3

Lycurgus

Answer 3

said to have created perfect laws for Sparta. Made all men equal, regulated their lives, and forged the ultimate fighting machine according to the legend.

Question 4

Dorian

Answer 4

dialect of Greek that Spartans spoke

-distinct people who invaded southern Greece in the 12 century after the fall of Troy

Question 5

periokiloi

Answer 5

luckier Laconians were called this

-means “dwellers-around”

Question 6

Spartiates

Answer 6

Full Spartan citizens

Question 7

Council of Elders

Answer 7

settled all serious law suits and determined what questions to put before an assembly consisting of all Spartiate males.

Question 8

Ephors

Answer 8

elected by the assembly

• served on year and could no tbe reelected
• supervised kings and Elders with authority to impeach or depose them if they broke laws

Question 9

Assembly

Answer 9

included all Spartiate men aged over 30 and met outdoors at full moon

Question 10

Peloponnesian Leauge

Answer 10

Spartan alliance

Question 11

archons

Answer 11

elected each year from top two classes

• one was chief, extensive powers
• could only be this once, then would be life member of Areopagus

Question 12

Areopagus

Answer 12

“stake of Ares” named after the hill beneath the west end of the Athenian Acropolis where council met.

Question 13

Council of 400

Answer 13

men chosen from four tradition Athenian tribes, based on kinship, 100 from each tribe

Question 14

Hippias

Answer 14

Pisistratus’ son that wielded real power after his death in 527 BC

Question 15

Hipparchus

Answer 15

Brother of Hippias promoted Athens as a cultural center, inviting poets to their court

Question 16

Harmodius

Answer 16

boy that Hipparchus fell in love with, but rebuffed him.

Question 17

Aristogeiton

Answer 17

Harmodius’ beloved.

Question 18

Cleisthenes

Answer 18

an Almaeonid, emerged as a strongman in the state

Question 19

Council of 500

Answer 19

50 men selected by lot from each of the ten new tribes

Question 20

demokratia

Answer 20

“power of the people”, the Athenian radically egalitarian political system

Question 21

demos

Answer 21

“people”, excluded women, children and slaved

Question 22

ostracism

Answer 22

annual unpopularity contest

-designed to prevent anyone from becoming too popular from using the assembly as a stepping stone to tyranny