Chapter 10 Sparta and Athens Flashcards
helots
state owned serfs that worked the land while citizens followed a life long program of military training in centralized institutions
Spartan mirage
a vision of stability, hierarchy, and order in which all knew their place
Lycurgus
said to have created perfect laws for Sparta. Made all men equal, regulated their lives, and forged the ultimate fighting machine according to the legend.
Dorian
dialect of Greek that Spartans spoke
-distinct people who invaded southern Greece in the 12 century after the fall of Troy
periokiloi
luckier Laconians were called this
-means “dwellers-around”
Spartiates
Full Spartan citizens
Council of Elders
settled all serious law suits and determined what questions to put before an assembly consisting of all Spartiate males.
Ephors
elected by the assembly
- served on year and could no tbe reelected
- supervised kings and Elders with authority to impeach or depose them if they broke laws
Assembly
included all Spartiate men aged over 30 and met outdoors at full moon
Peloponnesian Leauge
Spartan alliance
archons
elected each year from top two classes
- one was chief, extensive powers
- could only be this once, then would be life member of Areopagus
Areopagus
“stake of Ares” named after the hill beneath the west end of the Athenian Acropolis where council met.
Council of 400
men chosen from four tradition Athenian tribes, based on kinship, 100 from each tribe
Hippias
Pisistratus’ son that wielded real power after his death in 527 BC
Hipparchus
Brother of Hippias promoted Athens as a cultural center, inviting poets to their court