Chapter 16: The Frontal Lobes

Question 1

percentage of frontal lobe

Answer 1

• 30 to 35% of cortex

Question 2

primary motor cortex

Answer 2

• elementary movements

Question 3

PMd

Answer 3

• dorsal premotor cortex

- movement lexicon

Question 4

PMv

Answer 4

• ventral premotor cortex

- mirror neurons

Question 5

inferior frontal gyrus

Answer 5

• Broca’s area

Question 6

mesolimbic dopamine pathway

Answer 6

• from tegmentum to PFC

Question 7

dlPFC connecetions

Answer 7

• reciprocal with posterior parietal and STS

Question 8

OFC connections

Answer 8

• to temporal lobe, amygdala and hypothalamus

- associative learning

Question 9

vmPFC connections

Answer 9

• to posterior cingulate, medial temporal and PAG

- emotional behavior

Question 10

anterior cingulate cortex connections

Answer 10

• to motor, premotor, PFC and insula

Question 11

default mode network function

Answer 11

• resting and autobiographical memories

Question 12

salience network

Answer 12

• anterior cingulate, anterior insula and supplementary motor
• when behavioral change is needed

Question 13

premotor cortex

Answer 13

• select behavior

- external cues

Question 14

supplementary motor cortex

Answer 14

• select behavior

- internal cues

Question 15

bifrontal lesions effects

Answer 15

• time of day

- proverbs

Question 16

LH PFC

Answer 16

• encoding of memory

Question 17

RH PFC

Answer 17

• retrieval of memory

Question 18

supplementary motor cortex damage (unilateral)

Answer 18

• disruption of all movement
• everything except fingers recovers
• the other hemisphere’s suppementary motor. takes over

Question 19

corollary discharge

Answer 19

• reafference

Question 20

supplementary speech area

Answer 20

• extension of supplementary motor

- helps Broca’s

Question 21

lesions and IQ

Answer 21

• drops in temporal and parietal lesions
• not in frontal
• because they assess convergent thinking

Question 22

orbitofrontal damage

Answer 22

• low verbal output
• rule breaking
• shaky script
• perseveration

Question 23

ventral frontal damage

Answer 23

• loss of autonoetic awareness
• loss of context
• problems with regulation

Question 24

pseudodepression

Answer 24

• bilateral but more left

Question 25

pseudopsychopathy

Answer 25

• bilateral but more right

Question 26

fluid intelligence in the brain

Answer 26

• dlPFC, medial PFC and posterior parietal

Question 27

posterior parietal in IQ

Answer 27

• integration and abstraction

Question 28

PFC in IQ

Answer 28

• problem solving, evaluation and hypothesis testing

Question 29

diseases related to frontal cortex

Answer 29

• schizophrenia (mesolimbic)
• Parkinson’s (indirectly through caudate)
• drug addiction (orbitofrontal)