Chapter 16 The Brain & Spinal Nerves Flashcards
the neuro tube forms what
1 cephalic area
2 spinal cord
Space that connects the third and 4th ventricle
Aqueduct of the midbrain
Procencephalon broken into which groups
Telencephalon and diencephalon
The mesencephalon is also know as what
Midbrain
What comprise the brain stem
1 medulla ablongata 2 mesencephalon (midbrain) 3. Pons
Function of the medulla ablongata
1 regulate heart rate 2 regulate blood pressure 3 help with digestion 4 respiration 5 Relays sensory information to the thalamus and other portions of the brainstem
Medulla ablongata relays information to
Thalamus
Brain stem
Function of the pons
1 Relays sensory information to the cerebellum and thalamus
2 Regulates SUBCONSCIOUS somatic and visceral motor centers
The CNS developed from
The neuro tube
Function of the midbrain
Process
1 visual data
2 auditory data
3 maintaining consciousness and alertness
4 involved in reflexive somatic motor response to stimuli
Where is the pineal located
Epithalamus
Function of the thalamus
- where almost all the information arrives
- processing sensory information
- relays information to the cerebral cortex
What part of the brain is involved in habitual activities
Hypothalamus
Function of the cerebellum
- to conduct complex somatic motor functions
- smooth operation of the muscle
THINK MUSCLE CONTROL
Function of the hypothalamus
- involved in emotions because there’s where you have part of the limbic system
- involved with thirst
- some habitual activity
What is responsible for conscious thought process as well as memory and intellectual function and planning
Cerebrum
What structure separates the left and right ventricles
The septum pellucidum
What connects the third and fourth ventricles
Aqueduct of the midbrain
What is the opening in the bottom of the left and right ventricle
Interventricular foramen
Right and left ventricles release the contents into this structure
Interventricular foramen
List the 3 cranial meninges
1 dura mater (outermost)
2 arachnoid mater
3 pia mater (innermost)
What are the folds of the dura mater
1 Falx cerebri
2 Falx cerebelli
3 tentorium cerebelli
What fissure does the Falx cerebri extend into? What sinuses supply blood to this area?
Longitudinal fissure
Sinuses are:
1 superior saggital sinus
2 inferior saggital sinus
The tentorium cerebelli covers this structure and separates these hemispheres
Covers the cerebellum and separates the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres
What sinus is found in the tentorium cerebelli
Transverse sinus
In which fold of the dura mater is the occipital sinus found
Occipital sinus
The diaphragma sellae penetrates the inside of this structure
Sella turcica of the sphenoid
What gland does the sella turcica of the sphenoid house
Pituitary gland
The diaphragma sella contains the occipital sinus. T/F
False. It has no sinuses
Function of the Cerebrum
1 Conscious thought processes and intellectual functions
2 MEMORY STORAGE
3 Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal MUSCLE CONTRACTION
The diencephalon consists of what 3 structures
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
The blood brain barrier has endothelial cells covering the blood vessels and have tight junctions. T/F
True. They have endothelial cells and tight junctions and as a result, very little things can pass through
What areas of the Blood Brain barrier are not very tight and you also have the choroid plexus in these areas
1 Portions of the hypothalamus
2 Pineal gland
3 3rd and 4th ventricles
The spaces between some endothelial cells in the blood brain barrier are ___________ and these spaces allow more things to pass through
sphenestrated
More influx and eflux of nutrients take place in this plexus of the blood brain barrier
choroid plexus
The pineal gland produces what
Melatonin
This regulates day and night cycle
The thalamus is formed by the walls of which ventricle
3rd ventricle
There is a right and left thalamus T/F
True
What is the inter-thalamic adhesion
This is what divides the left and right thalamus
95% of the info passing through the thalamus goes to structures located ______(posterior or anterior) to the ________ sulcus
posterior to the central sulcus
Which structure forms the floor of the third ventricle
hypothalamus
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
infundibulum
What is found on the walls of the hypothalamus
mamillary body
What divides the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum
Vermis
What are the 3 main layers of the Cerebellum
Outer layer (molecular layer) Middle layer ( purkinje cell layer) Most internal layer (granule cell layer)
The outer layer of the cerebellum contains what
Dendrites of the purkinje cell layer
The middle layer of the cerebellum contains what
The cell body of the purkinje cells
The Granule cell layer of the cerebellum contains what
1 Axons of the purkinje cells
2 Granule cells
What separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum
Vermis
What part of the brain is responsible for coordination
Cerebellum
The cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres by what
Longitudinal fissure
Function of the occipital lobe
1 visual processing of words
2 vision
Function of the parietal lobe
Spatial coordination of the body and its surroundings
Function of Wernicke’s area
Language comprehension and intelligence
Function of Broca’s area
Word formation
Function of the limbic association area
1 behavior
2 emotions
3 motivation
What is the location of the somatosensory are in relation to the central sulcus
Posterior to the sulcus
The motor area is posterior or anterior to the central sulcus?
Anterior
Which area of the brain plans complex movement & elaboration of thoughts
Frontal cerebral cortex
What is the location of the limbic system
- between the cerebrum and diencephalon
- superior to the corpus callosum
What is the function of the limbic system
- establishing emotional states
- ## memory storage and retrieval
Parts of the limbic system include
Cingulate gyrus Dentate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus Fornix
What connects the white matter of the hippocampus to the hypothalamus
Fornix
What controls the reflex associated with eating
Mamillary bodies
Cranial nerves are components of what nervous system and connects to what structure
Cranial nerves are components of the PNS peripheral nervous system and connects to the Brain NOT the spinal cord
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12
The cranial nerves emerge from the brain and are considered part of the PNS - peripheral nervous system except for one that is considered part of the CNS. T/F
T
Even though thy emerge from the brain, they are considered part of the peripheral nervous system except for one that is considered part of the CNS
Each cranial nerve attaches to the brain near what
The associated sensory or motor nuclei
The Olfactory nerve N1 innervates what
The olfactory epithelium - it originates on the olfactory epithelium
The olfactory nerve passes through the thalamus and then directly attaches to the cerebrum. T/F
F
It is part of the cerebrum - it directly attaches to it.
IT DOES NOT have to pass through the thalamus.
The optic nerve innervates / originates this structure
Retina of the eye
What is the primary function of the optic nerve and what structure does it pass through
Special sensory (sight) Optic canal
What is the primary function of the occulomotor nerve and what muscles does it move
Function is eye movement Moves these muscles 1 SUPERIOR rectus 2 MEDIAL rectus 2 INFERIOR rectus 3 medial oblique 4 inferior oblique 5 levator palpebrae muscles
What is the function of the Trochlear nerve and which muscle it innervates
Eye movement (motor function) Innervates the SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE
What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve N5
Ophthalmic branch - innervates the eye
Maxillary branch - innervates the maxilla
Mandibular branch - innervates the mandible
Function of the abducens nerve N6
Eye movement
Innervates the lateral rectus muscle
What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle
Trochlear nerve N4
Which nerve innervates the medial oblique muscle of the eye
Occulomotor nerve N3
Which nerve elevated the palpebrae
Occulomotor nerve N3
The facial nerve is sensory or motor
Mixed
The glossopharyngeal nerve N9 moves what area of the body
The tongue
Which nerve takes part in giving us balance and equilibrium as well as being necessary for hearing
Vestibulocochlear nerve N8
Which nerve is the most complex and innervates several different organs
Vagus nerve
What nerve is located below the tongue and passes through the hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve N12
What is the pneumonic to remember the different nerves
Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly
What is the pneumonic to remember whether the nerve is motor/sensory
Some Say Money Matter Most But My Brother Says Big Brains Matters Most
What structure connects the lateral and third ventricle
Interventricular foramen
Which structure in the brain allows you to plan before doing something
Cerebellum
Which area of the brain is responsible for making sure we are very intelligent
Wernicke’s area
The info from receptors of the aortic bodies travel via which cranial nerve
?
