Chapter 16-Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
What happens in the body when you hypo ventilate?
When the lungs fail to work properly, carbon dioxide is not efficiently disposed of and accumulates in the blood. The carbon dioxide combines with water to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The result is respiratory acidosis.
What is respiratory compromise related to obesity called?
Pickwickian syndrome
When does hyperventilation occur?
Occurs when people breath in excess of metabolic need by increasing the rate or depth or both, releasing more carbon dioxide than normal. The result is alkalosis.
What does respiratory alkalosis cause?
Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet and around the mouth. If it continues, patients may complain of chest pain and will ultimately experience Carpopedal spasm, during which the hands and feet are clenched in a clawlike position.
What is angioedema?
Acute swelling of the lips and tongue which may be caused by an allergic reaction
Where does pulmonary circulation begin?
The right ventricle
Where do most pathologic conditions occur in the lungs?
In the base
What is cor pulmonale?
Right sided heart failure due to chronic lung disease
What nerve is responsible for breathing?
Phrenic nerve
What are the differences in terms of pulmonary consequences between left sided heart failure and right sided heart failure?
Left sided heart failure typically progresses much faster than right sided heart failure. Right sided failure may slowly worsen over several days, whereas left sided heart failure can kill in a matter of minutes.
What does the right side of heart pump blood to and vice versa?
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, and the left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it around the body
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Shortness of breath that comes on suddenly in the middle of the night and may be an ominous sign of left sided heart failure.
Sound moves better through fluid than it does air. Given this fact, how does this affect auscultation of breath sounds and the meaning of their findings?
The more air in your patients chest (as in COPD or asthma) the more distant or diminished the breath sounds will be. The more “wet” the patients lungs (as in pneumonia or CHF) the louder the sounds will be at the periphery
What does it mean if the patents words are audible while auscultation of breath sounds?
The patient has consolidation from pneumonia or atelectasis
What are wheezes?
High pitched whistling sounds made by air being forced through narrow airways, causing them to vibrate. Present in asthma, CHF, or when a foreign body obstructs the bronchus
What are crackles associated with?
Increased fluid in the lungs
What are rales?
High pitched crackles heard in the lung bases at the end of inspiration. Consistent with pulmonary edema
What does increased sputum production coupled with fever and chills indicate?
Pneumonia
What does blood tinged sputum possibly indicate?
Tuberculosis
What are cheyene-stokes respirations?
Common omong deep sleepers or the intoxicated. Depth of breathing or volume of snoring gradually increases then decreases (crescendo-decrescendo), followed by an apneic period. Ominous with patients with brain trauma or when apneic period goes from 30-60 seconds.
What are Kussmaul respirations?
Same pattern in neurogenic hyperventilation but caused by the bodies response to metabolic acidosis, attempting to rid itself of blood acetones via the lungs. Seen in DKA. Marked by fruity odor on breath and dry mouth and lips.
