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Term 2 > 10/4 Respiratory Class Notes > Flashcards

10/4 Respiratory Class Notes Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

In the negative feedback system, what causes respirations to go up when ph is down?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors located that monitor co2 levels?

A

Medulla

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3
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors located that monitor o2?

A

Arch of aorta & carotids

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4
Q

What is the chief intra cellular buffer?

A

Phosphate

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5
Q

What is the chief extracelluar buffer?

A

Bicarbonate

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6
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

Crenation (shrinks)

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7
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

Lysing (swells)

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8
Q

In the edema model, what is the physiology behind a decrease in oncotic pull?

A

Not enough albumins

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9
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory acidosis?

A

Pt. Will be hypercarbic and end tidal co2 will be high because they are unable to get rid of co2.

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10
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation, Ca falls off receptor sites and causes relative hypocalcemia which leads to numbness and tingling and eventually Carpopedal spasms. Can be psychogenic or compensatory

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11
Q

If a patient has alcoholic Ketoacidosis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

If a patient has asthma, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

If a patient has CO poisoning, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

If a patient has COPD, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

If a patient is in diabetic Ketoacidosis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

If a patient has diarrhea, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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17
Q

If a patient has overdosed on diuretics, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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18
Q

If a patent has liver disease, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

If a patient has pneumonia, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

If a patient has pulmonary edema, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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21
Q

If a patient has a PE, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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22
Q

If a patient has renal failure, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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23
Q

If a patient has sepsis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

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A

Respiratory alkalosis

24
Q

Salicylate?

Study These Flashcards
A

Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

25
If a patient is in shock, what acid/base disorder are they in?
Metabolic acidosis
26
If a patient has been under strenuous exercise, what acid/base disorder are they in?
Metabolic acidosis
27
If a patient has been vomiting, what acid/base disorder are they in?
Metabolic alkalosis
28
What is PetCO2?
End tidal co2
29
With a pulmonary embolism or hypovolemia, what is the v/q mismatch?
Ventilation but no perfusion
30
With COPD, what is the v/q mismatch?
No ventilation but perfusion (hypercarbic)
31
What is the reason your end tidal co2 is 0 after intubating your patient?
Tube is in the esophagus
32
What is the underlying physiology with a bronchospasm that produces shark fins on end tidal co2?
Unequal alveolar emptying
33
Why should you avoid hyperventilating a head trauma patient?
Hyperventilation will lead to cerebral ischemia. End tidal should be 30-35. 2 things kill head trauma patients - 1.) hypoxia 2.) falling blood pressure
34
What is a side effect of RSI drugs?
Can spike temperature
35
In a patient suffering from anaphylaxis, why is important to monitor ETCO2?
Patient may experience a secondary attack, monitoring ETCO2 will provide an early warning sign of a reoccurrence. ETCO2 will begin to go back up
36
What is unique about the O2 genetic makeup?
Same number of protons, electrons, and neutrons
37
What is tracheal tugging and indication of?
Something stuck in the bronchioles
38
SOB patient is restless and combative?
Hypoxia
39
SOB patent is sleepy?
Hypercarbic
40
What is your treatment for a patient with epiglottitis?
Transport and monitor
41
What is ludwigs angina caused by?
An abscessed tooth
42
What are some indications of a potentially fatal asthma attack?
Previously intubated, respiratory acidosis, two or more admissions to the hospital despite corticosteroid use, two or more episodes of pneumothorax
43
What causes cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
Increase in hydrostatic pressure
44
What causes non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
Increase in permeability
45
What are two important signs for a PE?
BP will drop, JVD
46
What are the cardiovascular causes of difficulty breathing?
PE, MI, Tamponade, dysrhythmias
47
If you breath too shallow chronically, what will occur?
Pneumonia will develop in the base of your lungs
48
What could cause disruption of pulmonary circulation?
1. ) blood clot 2. ) fat embolism from broken bone 3. ) amniotic fluid embolism 4. ) air embolism
49
What are the key characteristics of Guillian Barre syndrome?
Autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath and usually reverses. Ascending paralysis, starts in feet and goes to the lungs.
50
What is the best measurement of ventilation?
ETCO2
51
What should you set the O2 for aerosol bronchodilator?
4-6 lpm
52
What are diuretics used for?
Reduce BP, maintain fluid balance
53
What is an antitussive?
Medication designed to stop coughing
54
What are ACE inhibitors?
Lower BP, all end in -pril
55
What are beta blockers?
Designed to reduce the heart rate and BP, all end in -lol
56
What side of the heart is affected by a PE?
Right side

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