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Term 2 > 10/4 Respiratory Class Notes > Flashcards

10/4 Respiratory Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

In the negative feedback system, what causes respirations to go up when ph is down?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors located that monitor co2 levels?

A

Medulla

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3
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors located that monitor o2?

A

Arch of aorta & carotids

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4
Q

What is the chief intra cellular buffer?

A

Phosphate

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5
Q

What is the chief extracelluar buffer?

A

Bicarbonate

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6
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

Crenation (shrinks)

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7
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

Lysing (swells)

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8
Q

In the edema model, what is the physiology behind a decrease in oncotic pull?

A

Not enough albumins

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9
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory acidosis?

A

Pt. Will be hypercarbic and end tidal co2 will be high because they are unable to get rid of co2.

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10
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation, Ca falls off receptor sites and causes relative hypocalcemia which leads to numbness and tingling and eventually Carpopedal spasms. Can be psychogenic or compensatory

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11
Q

If a patient has alcoholic Ketoacidosis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

If a patient has asthma, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

If a patient has CO poisoning, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

If a patient has COPD, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

If a patient is in diabetic Ketoacidosis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

If a patient has diarrhea, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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17
Q

If a patient has overdosed on diuretics, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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18
Q

If a patent has liver disease, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

If a patient has pneumonia, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

If a patient has pulmonary edema, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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21
Q

If a patient has a PE, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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22
Q

If a patient has renal failure, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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23
Q

If a patient has sepsis, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

24
Q

Salicylate?

A

Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

25
Q

If a patient is in shock, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

26
Q

If a patient has been under strenuous exercise, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic acidosis

27
Q

If a patient has been vomiting, what acid/base disorder are they in?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

28
Q

What is PetCO2?

A

End tidal co2

29
Q

With a pulmonary embolism or hypovolemia, what is the v/q mismatch?

A

Ventilation but no perfusion

30
Q

With COPD, what is the v/q mismatch?

A

No ventilation but perfusion (hypercarbic)

31
Q

What is the reason your end tidal co2 is 0 after intubating your patient?

A

Tube is in the esophagus

32
Q

What is the underlying physiology with a bronchospasm that produces shark fins on end tidal co2?

A

Unequal alveolar emptying

33
Q

Why should you avoid hyperventilating a head trauma patient?

A

Hyperventilation will lead to cerebral ischemia. End tidal should be 30-35. 2 things kill head trauma patients - 1.) hypoxia 2.) falling blood pressure

34
Q

What is a side effect of RSI drugs?

A

Can spike temperature

35
Q

In a patient suffering from anaphylaxis, why is important to monitor ETCO2?

A

Patient may experience a secondary attack, monitoring ETCO2 will provide an early warning sign of a reoccurrence. ETCO2 will begin to go back up

36
Q

What is unique about the O2 genetic makeup?

A

Same number of protons, electrons, and neutrons

37
Q

What is tracheal tugging and indication of?

A

Something stuck in the bronchioles

38
Q

SOB patient is restless and combative?

A

Hypoxia

39
Q

SOB patent is sleepy?

A

Hypercarbic

40
Q

What is your treatment for a patient with epiglottitis?

A

Transport and monitor

41
Q

What is ludwigs angina caused by?

A

An abscessed tooth

42
Q

What are some indications of a potentially fatal asthma attack?

A

Previously intubated, respiratory acidosis, two or more admissions to the hospital despite corticosteroid use, two or more episodes of pneumothorax

43
Q

What causes cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

Increase in hydrostatic pressure

44
Q

What causes non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

Increase in permeability

45
Q

What are two important signs for a PE?

A

BP will drop, JVD

46
Q

What are the cardiovascular causes of difficulty breathing?

A

PE, MI, Tamponade, dysrhythmias

47
Q

If you breath too shallow chronically, what will occur?

A

Pneumonia will develop in the base of your lungs

48
Q

What could cause disruption of pulmonary circulation?

A
  1. ) blood clot
  2. ) fat embolism from broken bone
  3. ) amniotic fluid embolism
  4. ) air embolism
49
Q

What are the key characteristics of Guillian Barre syndrome?

A

Autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath and usually reverses. Ascending paralysis, starts in feet and goes to the lungs.

50
Q

What is the best measurement of ventilation?

A

ETCO2

51
Q

What should you set the O2 for aerosol bronchodilator?

A

4-6 lpm

52
Q

What are diuretics used for?

A

Reduce BP, maintain fluid balance

53
Q

What is an antitussive?

A

Medication designed to stop coughing

54
Q

What are ACE inhibitors?

A

Lower BP, all end in -pril

55
Q

What are beta blockers?

A

Designed to reduce the heart rate and BP, all end in -lol

56
Q

What side of the heart is affected by a PE?

A

Right side

Term 2 (7 decks)

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