chapter 16 psychological disorders Flashcards
What notion did Charcot and Freud contribute in the 1900s?
The notion of psychogenic problems
This led to the understanding that mental illness could be treated.
What are the main perspectives for treatment of mental disorders?
- Medical
- Psychodynamic
- Humanistic
- Cognitive-behavioral
- Sociocultural
What is the purpose of taxonomy in classifying disorders?
To provide a scientific and practical classification of symptoms into syndromes
What does the term ‘neurosis’ refer to?
Anxiety disorders such as phobias, where the individual is still in touch with reality
What does ‘psychosis’ indicate?
Thought disturbance where the individual is not in touch with reality
List the categories of psychological disorders.
- Anxiety disorders
- Somatic symptom disorders
- Dissociative disorders
- Mood disorders
- Schizophrenic disorders
- Personality disorders
What characterizes mood disorders?
Disturbance in mood (affect) rather than thought
What is the prevalence of unipolar depression in men and women?
10% men, 20% women
What is a rapid cycler in bipolar disorder?
A patient who experiences 4 or more swings per year
This is considered rare.
What are common symptoms of major depression?
- Hallucinations or delusions
- Loss of appetite
- Sleep disturbance
- Fatigue
- Little interest in sex
- Risk of suicide
When is the risk of suicide highest in depressed patients?
As the patient comes out of depression
What genetic evidence supports bipolar disorder?
Concordance for identical twins is four times that of fraternals
What biochemical factors are associated with mood disorders?
- Shortage of norepinephrine
- Shortage of serotonin
- Shortage of dopamine
What does Beck’s theory suggest about depression?
Patients have a negative cognitive triad affecting their beliefs about self, future, and external world
What is the incidence of schizophrenia worldwide?
1%
In North America, the incidence is about 3%.
What are the subtypes of schizophrenia?
- Catatonic
- Paranoid
- Disorganized
- Undifferentiated
What defines positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Delusions and hallucinations
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Flat affect and lack of emotion
What are common delusions experienced by those with schizophrenia?
- Delusions of grandeur
- Delusions of persecution
- Thought broadcasting
- Thought insertion
What is the dopamine theory related to schizophrenia?
Neurotransmitter dopamine is related to attention and hallucinations
What environmental factor increases the incidence of schizophrenia?
Living in poorer areas
What can increase the likelihood of relapse in discharged patients with schizophrenia?
Critical, hostile, or negative family environments
what are phobias?
string irrational fears of certain objects or situations
what are the three major types of phobias?
-agoraphobia- big spaces
-social anxiety- fear of situation swhere you may be evaluated or embarrassed
- specific phobias (dogs, spiders)
