Chapter 16-Psychoanalysis Flashcards
What were the people who were interested in the unconscious mind concerned with?
They were concerned with understanding the causes of mental illness and using that understanding to help mentally ill patients
Describe Freud’s cocaine episode
He experimented with it after learning that it had been used successfully in the military to increase the energy and endurance of soldiers
After taking the drug himself, he found that it relieved his feelings of depression and cured his indigestion, helped him work, and. You have no negative side effects. He also gave it to his sisters, friends, colleagues, and patients and sent some to his fiancé
With the exception of the anesthetizing effects, all of his other beliefs both substance soon prove to be false. He turned his friend Ernst von Cleashal-marks out who is addicted to morphine towards cocaine and he became addicted. His association with cocaine harmed his medical reputation
Describe Freud’s addiction to nicotine
Addicted to nicotine most of his adult life, smoking an average of 20 cigars a day. At the age of 38 it was discovered he had a heart arrhythmia and was told to stop smoking but he continued to do so. When he was 67 he developed cancer of the pallet and John, a series of 33 operations eventually necessitated he’s wearing of an awkward prophetic device to replace the surgically removed sections of his jaw. Pain during the last 16 years of his life yet he continued to smoke
Describe Freud’s relationship with Joseph Breuer and the case of Anna O.
He developed a friendship with Joseph Breuer , A physician and researcher who had made an important discovery concerning the reflexes involved in breathing, and he was one of the first to show how the semicircular Canal’s influenced balance. He loaned Freud money.
It is what Freud learned from brewer concerning the treatment of a woman anonymously referred to as Anna O. That essentially launched psychoanalysis. They began treating her while Freud was still a medical student.
She was a bright, attractive, 21-year-old woman who had a variety of Symptoms associated with hysteria and at one time or another, she had experienced paralysis of the arms or legs, disturbances of sight and speech, nausea, memory loss, and general mental disorientated. Brewer hypnotized her and discovered that she had been required to keep a vigil by the bedside of her dying father and each time he traced a symptom to its origin, which was usually some Trumatic experience, the symptoms disappeared either temporarily or permanently and one by one her symptoms were relieved in this way. It was as if certain emotionally laden ideas cannot be expressed directly but instead manifested themselves in physical symptoms. When such pathogenic ideas were given conscious expression, their energy dissipated, and the symptoms he initiated disappeared and because relief followed the emotional release, which in turn followed the expression of a pathogenic idea, brewer called the treatment the cathartic method. Soon after treatment had started, she began responding to Brewer as if he were her father, a process later called transference. Brewer also began developing emotional feelings toward her, a process later called countertransference. Because of this and it’s impact on his life, Brewer decided to terminate his treatment of her.
She went on to become a prominent social worker in Germany, but she was institutionalized after Brewer terminated her treatment. She went on to become a leader in the European feminist movement, a playwright, and author of children’s stories, a founder of several schools and clubs for the poor, and an effective spokesperson against white slavery and abortion. Maintained a negative attitude towards psychoanalysis throughout her life.
Describe Freud’s visit with Charcot
Charcot Took hysteria seriously and said that it occurred in males as well as females.
Freud claimed to have overheard him say about Histeria “but in this kind of case it is always something gentle-always, always, always”. Although he denied making the statement, Freud nonetheless claimed that he had suggested to him the relationship between sexual factors and hysteria and was significant for the development of psychoanalysis
Also learned about posthypnotic suggestion from him. This observation-that in tact ideas of which a person was unaware could play an important role in that person’s behavior-was to become an extremely important part of psychoanalysis
Ideas that cause physical disorders
Pathogenic ideas
The alleviation of hysterical symptoms by allowing pathogenic ideas to be expressed consciously
Cathartic method
The process by which a patient responds to the therapist as if the therapist were a relevant person in the patient’s life
Transference
The process by which a therapist becomes emotionally involved with a patient
Countertransference
The tendency for patients to inhibit the recollection of traumatic experiences
Resistance
Freud’s major tool for studying the contents of the unconscious mind. A patient is encouraged to express freely everything that comes to his or her mind
Free association
Describe Freud’s invention of free association
He was finding hip gnosis to be ineffective and was seeking an alternative. He remembered that hypnotists would put their hand on the patients four head and say “now you can remember”. He tried having his patients lie on the couch, with their eyes closed, but not hypnotized. He asked the patience to recall the first time they had experienced a particular symptoms, and the patient began to recollect various experiences but usually stop short of the goal, they displayed resistance. At this point, Freud placed his hand on their four head and declared that additional information was forthcoming, and found that this pressure technique was as effective as hip gnosis and soon learned that he didn’t even need to touch his patients.
Simply encouraging his patients to speak freely about whatever came to their mind work just as well, and the method of free association was born
The holding of traumatic memories in the unconscious mind because pondering them consciously would cause too much anxiety
Repression
According to Freud, the simultaneous tendency both to approach and avoid the same object, event, or person
Conflict
The causes of our behavior of which we are unaware
Unconscious motivations
Describe the studies on hysteria book as it relates to Freud
Brewer and Freud put forth a number of the basic tenets of psychoanalysis. They noted that hysteria is caused by a traumatic experience that is not loud adequate expression and therefore manifests it self in physical symptoms. Symptoms could be taken as symbolic representation of an underlying Trumatic experience that is no longer consciously available to the patient. Because of such experience is Traumatic, it is repressed or actively held in the unconscious because to ponder it would provoke anxiety. Resistance is a sign that the therapist is on the right track
For Freud, the most effective way of making repressed material conscious is through free association. Freud and Brewer Road separate conclusions to the book, and Freud emphasized the role of sex in unconscious motivation and brew or disagreed, saying instead that any Trumatic experience not just those that were sexual could be repressed
Freud’s contention that hysteria is caused by a sexual attack: someone familiar to or related to the hysteric patient had attacked him or her when the patient was a young child. Freud later concluded that in most cases such attacks are imagined rather than real
Seduction theory
