Chapter 16 - Lymphatic Flashcards
The lymphatic pathways begin as lymphatic ________.
capillaries
Lymphatic ducts unite with veins in the ______.
thorax
Lymphatic vessels transport excess fluid away from ___________ in most tissues and return it into the bloodstream.
interstitial spaces
Special lymphatic capillaries in the lining of the small intestine are called:
lacteals
Are lymphatic tubes closed ended or open ended?
closed-ended
The walls of lymphatic capillaries are made of:
simple squamous endothelium
once inside lymphatic capillaries, fluid is called:
lymph
Lymphatic capillaries merge into ______
lymphatic vessels
The walls of lymphatic veins are similar to veins but they are _______.
thinner
Name the 3 layers of lymphatic vessels:
- endothelial lining
2. middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, connective tissue outer layer
Lymphatic vessels have _____ to prevent backflow:
semilunar valves
The larger lymphatic vessels lead to _____ ______.
lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels then drain to:
lymphatic trunks
There are various lymphatic trunks such as:
- intestinal, jugular, bronchomediastinal
Lymphatic trunks then merge to:
collecting ducts
Describe the pathway of lymph starting from the capillaries:
capillaries-afferent vessels - lymph nodes - efferent vessels - lymph trunks - ducts - bloodstream
How many lymphatic collecting ducts are there?
2
What are the lymphatic collecting ducts:
- thoracic duct
- right lymphatic duct
Which collecting duct is wider and longer?
thoracic duct
Where does the thoracic lymphatic duct originate?
cisterna chlyi
Where does the thoracic duct empty?
left subclavian vein
Where does the right lymphatic duct originate?
right thorax at union of right jugular, right subclavian, right bronchomediastinal trunks
Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?
right subclavian vein
Where does lymph end up?
plasma in venous system
Tissue fluid originates from plasma and includes water and dissolved substances that have passed through the blood capillary wall.
Tissue fluid generally lacks ______ but some smaller ________ are filtered out of blood capillaries into interstitial spaces.
As the protein concentration of tissue fluid increases, ________ increases.
- proteins
2. colloid osmotic pressure
Tissue fluid originates from plasma and includes water and dissolved substances that have passed through the blood capillary wall.
Tissue fluid generally lacks ______ but some smaller ________ are filtered out of blood capillaries into interstitial spaces.
As the protein concentration of tissue fluid increases, ________ increases.
- proteins
2. colloid osmotic pressure
Is lymph under high or low pressure?
low pressure, like venous blood
When does lymphatic flow peak?
exercise
What helps lymph move through vessels?
skeletal muscles, breathing, smooth muscles
Conditions that interfere with lymph movement cause tissue fluid to accumulate in interstitial spaces causing:
edema
Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine play a major role in the absorption of ______:
dietary fats
What does lymph do with the small proteins that were filtered out of venous capillaries?
return it to the bloodstream eventually
How are the walls of lymph vessels special?
epithelial cells overlap but are not attached: thus creating flaplike valves in the wall: valves open when hydrostatic pressure is greater outside and close when pressure is greater inside
The epithelial cells of the lymphatic capillary wall are also attached to surrounding ___________:
connective tissue cells by thin protein filaments, therefore preventing the lumen from caving in on itself when the pressure on the outside is greater
Lymphatic tissue contains (think cells):
lymphocytes, macrophages and other cells
The unencapsulated diffuse lymphatic tissue associated with the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts is called _____.
MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
The MALT contains masses of lymphatic tissue called:
lymphatic nodules
What are the lymphatic nodules? Are they the same as lymph nodes?
tonsils and appendix
MALT aggregates of lymphatic nodules are called _______ are scattered throughout the mucosal lining of the ______ ______.
peyer’s patches
small intestine
Encapsulated lymphatic tissues includes:
lymph nodes, thymus and spleen
What is different about encapsulated lymphatic tissue:
connective tissue capsule encloses organs
Blood vessels and nerves join to exit the lymph node at the ______.
hilum
Fluid enters the lymph node through:
afferent vessels
Lymph node has compartments called lymphatic nodules (not to be confused with other lymphatic nodules) or _______>
lymphatic follicles
The functional units of the lymph nodes are the ______>
lymphatic follicles/nodules
Within the lymphatic follicles are ______ _______, where B lymphocytes proliferate.
germinal centers
