Chapter 16- Infection Control and Standard Precautions

Question 1

flora

Answer 1

micro organisms that live in a specific environment

Question 2

resident flora

Answer 2

normal flora that are always present

Question 3

transient flora

Answer 3

occur in periods of limited duration

Question 4

pathogen

Answer 4

disease producing microorganism

Question 5

pathogenicity

Answer 5

ability of a microorganism to produce disease

Question 6

virulence

Answer 6

refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease

Question 7

Example of Bacteria

Answer 7

staph infection

Question 8

example of virus

Answer 8

common cold

Question 9

example of fungi

Answer 9

athletes foot

Question 10

example of protozoa

Answer 10

malaria

Question 11

example of rickettsia

Answer 11

rocky mounted spotted fever

Question 12

example of helminth

Answer 12

tapeworm

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

• small one celled microorganism
• lack a true nucleus
• multiply by cell division
• wide range of illnes

Question 14

Viruses

Answer 14

• can live only inside cells
• cannot reproduce outside cell
• damage the cell they inhabit
• caontain a core DNA / RNA surrounded by a protein
• Some have another coat call a envelope

Question 15

fungi

Answer 15

• microscopic plant
• produce a disease called mycoses
• obtain food from living organisms
• likely to get fungi if immune system isnt working

Question 16

protozoa

Answer 16

• single called parasitic organisms
• obtain food from dead / decaying organic matter
• spread by ingestion of contaminated food or water

Question 17

Rickettsia

Answer 17

• intercellular parasites
• needs to be in living cells to reproduce
• spread through bites of fleas , rock, lice

Question 18

Helminth

Answer 18

• parasitic worms
• pinworms and roundworms most common
• Earing uncooked / inadequately cooked meat

Question 19

Chain of infection

Answer 19

1 infectious agent 
2 reservoir or source
3 portal exit from from reservoir or source
4 mode of transmission
5 portal entry to host
6 susceptible host

Question 20

Agent

Answer 20

entity capable of causing disease

Question 21

biological agents

Answer 21

living organism that invades the hose

bacteria, fungi, protozoa

Question 22

chemical agents

Answer 22

substance that can interact with the body

Question 23

physical agent

Answer 23

environmental factors ; heat, light, radiation

Question 24

reservoir

Answer 24

place where agent can survive

colonization and reproduction can take place while agent is in the reservoir

Question 25

Common reservoirs

Answer 25

humans , animals, environment and fomites

Question 26

Portal of Exit

Answer 26

Infectious agent leaves the reservoir to be transferred to a susceptible host

leaves reservoir thorough body secretions

Question 27

contact transmission

Answer 27

physical transfer of pathogen

Question 28

airborne transmission

Answer 28

droplets of pathogen in air

Question 29

vehicle transmission

Answer 29

pathogens through contaminated object

Question 30

Portal of entry

Answer 30

route by which an infectious agent enters the host

there are many portal of entries

Question 31

host

Answer 31

organisms that can be affected by an agent

susceptible host and compromised host

Question 32

susceptible host

Answer 32

person who lacks resistant to an agent

Question 33

compromised host

Answer 33

normal defense mechanism are impaired

Question 34

Normal Defense mechanism

Answer 34

immune system

antigens

anti body

Question 35

antigens

Answer 35

agents that’s not consistent with the genetic makeup of a host

Question 36

antibody

Answer 36

formed to protect your body against an antigen