Chapter 16: Human Sexual Reproductive System Flashcards
What is ‘sexual reproduction’?
It is when the nuclei of two sex cells, an egg cell and a sperm cell, fuse together.
What is fertilization?
The fusion of sex cells.
What happens when an egg cell is fertilised?
It develops into an embryo
What is heredity?
The passing down of genetic material from one generation to the next during sexual reproduction.
How does the mixing of traits in individuals happen?
During sexual reproduction, the individual that is formed receives genetic material from the mother via an egg and from the father via a sperm.
Why can offspring inherit any possible combination of traits from its parents?
Offspring inherits genetic mater from the egg’s nucleus and the sperm’s nucleus, in a unique combination.
What are examples of inheritable diseases?
Sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis
When does the body start to develop into an adult?
Teenage years, 11-14
During puberty, what changes does the body go through?
Physically and sexually
What causes puberty to begin?
When certain hormones are produced by the body
What are hormones?
Chemicals produced by different parts of the body.
What do hormones do?
They control and coordinate activities throughout the body by triggering other organs to function.
Are hormones found in large quantities in the blood or small quantities?
Small
What are the changes that men go through during puberty?
- Height and weight increases
- Voice deepens
- Facial hair, armpit hair and pubic hair appear
- Muscle strength increases
- Production of sperm begins.
What are the changes that females go through during puberty?
- Height and weight increases
- Breasts start to develop
- Hips become broader and rounders
- Armpit hair and pubic hair appear
- Maturation of eggs begin
What are the different parts of the male reproductive system?
- Sex glands
- Sperm duct
- Urethra
- Testis
- Penis
What is the function of the sex glands?
Produces nutrient fluid (semen) do nourish sperm.
What is the function of the sperm duct?
Carries sperm from the testis to the urethra.