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Science :D > Chapter 11: Acids & Alkalis > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Acids & Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 properties of acids?

A
  1. Sour taste
  2. Strong acids are corrosive
  3. pH less than 7
  4. Turns moist blue litmus paper red
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2
Q

What are the 6 properties of alkalis?

A
  1. Bitter taste
  2. Soapy feel
  3. Strong alkalis are corrosive
  4. pH more than 7
  5. Turns moist red litmus paper blue
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3
Q

What can the pH level tell us about a solution?

A

It can tell us whether the solution is acidic, neutral or alkali

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4
Q

What are the 3 common ways to test for acids and alkalis?

A
  1. Using litmus paper
  2. Using universal indicator
  3. Using pH meter (most accurate)
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5
Q

What are the colors of the pH scale?

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

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6
Q

What are the colors for acids on the pH scale?

A

Red, orange, yellow

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7
Q

What are the colors for alkalis on the pH scale?

A

Blue, indigo, violet

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8
Q

What does it mean if an acid’s pH color is red?

A

It is a very strong acid and is commonly found in laboratories.

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9
Q

What does it mean if an alkali’s pH color is indigo?

A

It is a very strong alkali and is commonly found in laboratories.

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10
Q

What are the 3 chemical reactions in this chapter?

A
  1. Acid + alkali > salt + water
  2. Acid + metal > salt + hydrogen
  3. Acid + metal carbonate > salt + carbon dioxide + water
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11
Q

What are the 4 unreactive metals?

A

Copper, silver, gold, platinum

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12
Q

How do we test for the presence of hydrogen?

A

Put a lighted splint at the mouth of a test tube containing hydrogen. The presence of hydrogen will cause the lighted splint to extinguish with a ‘pop’ sound.

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13
Q

How do we test for the presence of carbon dioxide?

A

We can bubble carbon dioxide into a test tube containing limewater. White precipitate will be formed in the limewater.

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14
Q

What can be observed whenever a gas is produced during a chemical change?

A

Effervescence is observed.

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15
Q

Define ‘physical changes’

A

No new substances formed, usually reversible.

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16
Q

Define ‘reversible’

A

Can get back constituents by using separation techniques

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17
Q

Define ‘chemical changes’

A

New substances are formed, irreversible.

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18
Q

Define ‘irreversible’

A

Difficult to reverse, cannot get back reactants easily

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19
Q

What is the term used for substances that react with each other?

A

Reactants

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20
Q

What is the term used for substances that are formed?

A

Product

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21
Q

What do atoms do during a chemical reaction?

A

Atoms of the reactants rearrange themselves during the chemical reaction and combine chemically to form the products.

22
Q

What is never changed during a chemical reaction?

A

Total mass and number of atoms.

23
Q

What does the term ‘photo’ mean in science?

A

Light

24
Q

What is respiration?

A

It is when all cells in our body are releasing energy

25
Q

What is decomposition?

A

The breaking down of substances into simpler substances.

26
Q

What are the 4 different terms used in this chapter?

A
  1. Combustion
  2. Thermal decomposition
  3. Oxidation
  4. Neutralisation
27
Q

What are the 5 ways that cause chemical changes to occur?

A
  1. Mixing
  2. Heating
  3. Exposure to light
  4. Interaction with oxygen
  5. Using an electric current
28
Q

What can happen when two or more reactants are mixed together?

A

They can combine irrevisibily to form one or more products

29
Q

What is needed for chemical reactions to happen?

A

Heat or an increase in temperature

30
Q

Describe the process of electroplating.

A
  1. An electric current is passed through a solution containing metallic particles.
  2. The current flows through the solution from one point to another point.
  3. This allows the metallic particles to coat the metal core layer by layer.
31
Q

Define ‘combustion’

A

A substance is heated in the presence of oxygen to form one or more new substances.

32
Q

Define ‘thermal decompostion’

A

A substance is broken down to form two or more simpler substances upon heating

33
Q

Define ‘oxidation’

A

A substance gains oxygen to form the products

34
Q

Define ‘neutralisation’

A

Acid reacts with an alkali to form salt and water

35
Q

What does cooking cause in food?

A

Chemical reactions

36
Q

What are the benefits of cooking?

A

1.It softens food
2. Improves its flavour
3. Easier for body to absorb nutrients

37
Q

Describe the process of respiration.

A
  1. Glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
  2. The energy released allows each cell in an organism to survive and reproduce.
38
Q

What does decomposition do for the environment?

A

It allows nutrients to be returned to the environment.

39
Q

How can you slow down decay?

A

Vacuum packaging.

40
Q

Why does vacuum packaging slow down decay of food?

A

It removes the air from a package, reducing the amount of oxygen in the package, limiting growth of bacteria and other microrgansisms.

41
Q

What are the 4 ways to prevent rusting?

A
  1. Painting
  2. Oiling
  3. Galvanising
  4. Drying
42
Q

What do the methods to prevent rusting do?

A

They prevent iron or steel objects from coming into contact with water or oxygen.

43
Q

What do combustion of fuels produce?

A

Air pollutants

44
Q

What happens when there is enough oxygen for combustion?

A

There will be a complete combustion, carbon dioxide will be produced

45
Q

What happens when there is insufficient oxygen for combustion?

A

There will be an incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide will be produced.

46
Q

When is carbon monoxide produced?

A

When fuels are burnt in the presence of insufficient oxygen.

47
Q

What effects does carbon monoxide have on your body?

A

It reduces the amount of oxygen taken up by red blood cells and cause headaches and deaths in serious cases.

48
Q

When is sulfur dioxide produced?

A

When fuels containing sulfur are burnt, volcanic eruptions

49
Q

When are oxides of nitrogen produced?

A

When fuels are burnt at high temperatures.

50
Q

What are the effects sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen?

A

They will dissolve in rainwater, causing acid rain, harming aquatic life and damaging buildings.

51
Q

What happens when forests are being removed?

A

The amount of carbon dioxide, which is also a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere increases. This will then lead to global warming. Since carbon dioxide is an acidic gas, it will dissolve in rainwater to form acid rain, leading to acidification of oceans.

52
Q

What happens when we burn substances?

A

It can cause air pollution and have harmful health effects when inhaled.

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