Chapter 15: Transport Systems in Living Things Flashcards
What are the 3 main components in the human circulatory system?
Blood, blood vessels and heart.
Why is a transport system needed for a living thing to stay alive?
Each of the parts involved in the transport system has a specific function and work together to move substances around a human or plant.
What are some substances that are transported around the living thing?
Digested food, water and waste
How many times does the heart beat in a minute?
60-100
Why does a unicellular organism not require a transport system?
It is small and it has a larger surface area for diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
What does the heart do?
The contraction of heart muscles forces blood around the body
Why is a transport system needed in a multicellular organism?
It ensures that oxygen and glucose are transported fast enough throughout the cells of the organism
What are blood vessels?
They are a network of tubes that carry blood around the body
What is blood?
It is a liquid that transports materials around the body. It is also known as a fluid tissue
What does blood contain?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
What are the percentages of the substances in the blood?
55% of blood is made up of plasma
45% of blood is made up of platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.
What is plasma?
It is a dilute solution of salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats
What are the function of platelets?
They are involved in blood clotting
What is the function of plasma?
It transports water and dissolved substances such as digested food, mineral salts and waste products to different parts of the body.
What is the function of red blood cells?
They help to carry oxygen to all parts of our body.
What are the 3 types of blood vessels in our body?
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Arteries
What does the blood carried in the artery contain?
Oxygen and glucose
What does blood carried in the vein contain?
Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products
The artery carries blood ____ the heart
away from
The vein carries blood ___ the heart
towards
Are the xylem and phloem tissues or organs?
Tissues
How does the heart help in blood circulation?
The contraction of the heart muscles forces the blood to circulate quickly and continuously around the body.
What is the function of the capillaries?
It acts as the site of exchange of substances
State the 2 characteristics of the capillaries.
- It has the smallest and most numerous blood vessels
- It is situated close to the body cells.
How do capillaries carry out exchange of substances?
The capillaries carry oxygen and digested food in the blood to body cells. They also transport carbon dioxide and waste substances away from the cells, allowing every cell to function effectively.
Why does the vein have deoxygenated blood?
- Oxygen and digested food in the blood is diffused out of the capillary and into the body cells.
- The concentration of oxygen in the red blood cells decrease as they move through the capillary.
- Carbon dioxide and waste substances produced by the body cells diffuse into the capillary and are then transported away.
What is the plant transport system made up of?
Xylem and phloem
Are the xylem and phloem tissues or organs?
Tissues
Xylem : ______ tube
Phloem: ______ tube
water carrying
food carrying
What is the function of the xylem?
It transports water and mineral salts from the roots to all parts of the plant in an upward direction.
What is the function of the phloem?
It transports sugar form the leaves to all parts of the plant in both an upward direction and a downward direction.
Why do multicellular organisms need a transport system?
It allows substances to be transported quickly in the organisms
Why is a transport system not needed in unicellular organisms?
Substances can be carried to cells in a very short time.
What is diffusion?
It is the net movement of particles from a region of a higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Which part of the plant is the site for the exchange of gases?
Leaves
How does diffusion occur in leaves?
The gases diffuse out of plant cells and then out of the leaves through the stomata into the air.
Which part of the plant does diffusion occur at other than leaves?
Roots
Describe how diffusion occurs in roots.
- Dissolved mineral salts from the soil diffuse into root cells
2.The mineral salts diffuse from the root cells into the xylem - The minerals salts are transported to the rest of the plant via the xylem
Why must mineral salts be dissolved before being able to diffuse into a root cell?
The solid mineral salt particles are too big to pass through the cell membrane of the root cell.
What is needed for osmosis to take place?
The presence of water molecules and a partially permeable membrane.
Which has more water molecules present? Soil or root cells?
Soil
How does osmosis take place in root cells?
- Water enters the root cells by osmosis
- Water moves across the roots from cell to cell by osmosis.
- Water is transported to the rest of the plant via xylem.
What is a drug?
It is a substance that can affect body systems.
Why are medicinal drugs okay to use?
They are prescribed in appropriate doses by doctors to treat illnesses.
What are the 2 ways the human transport system can be disrupted by?
- Smoking
- Drug abuse
What does drug abuse mean?
It refers to the use of drugs in a way that harms one’s health.
How can smoking affect the nervous system?
- Poor balance and coordination
- Slower reaction
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Hallucination
- Memory loss
Which body parts can be severely affected by smoking?
Lungs, heart and blood vessels
How can smoking affect the sexual reproductive system?
Infertility
How can smoking affect the circulatory system?
- Irregular heartbeat
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart attack
- Increased risk of stroke
- Narrowed arteries - reduced blood flow to limbs
How can smoking affect the respiratory system?
- Lung cancer
- Emphysema
How can smoking affect the digestive system?
- Nausea
- Increased risk of mouth and throat cancer
- Severe tooth decay
- Stomach ulcer
- Liver damage
What does organ transplant mean?
It is a medical procedure that is carried out to replace a damaged organ.`
