chapter 16 - exam 2

Question 1

7 joints of the ankle/foot

Answer 1

• talocrural [dorsi/plantarflex]
• distal tibiofibular
• subtalar [inver/eversion]
• intertarsal
• tarsometatarsal
• metatarsophalangeal
• interphalangeal

Question 2

What is the deltoid ligament?

Answer 2

strong primary stabilizer of the medial side of the talocrural [ankle] joint

Question 3

what does the deltoid ligament prevent ?

Answer 3

everted ankle sprains [rolling ankle]

Question 4

there are ___ primary _____ ligaments; combined are not as stable as the deltoid ligament

Answer 4

3; lateral

Question 5

there are ___ primary _____ ligaments; combined are not as stable as the deltoid ligament

Answer 5

3; lateral

Question 6

which ligaments are not as large or strong as deltoid ligaments?

Answer 6

lateral ankle ligaments

Question 7

The lateral ankle ligaments are weaker & smaller than the deltoid ligaments, & this results in more what

Answer 7

inverted ankle sprains

Question 8

additional lateral stability is provided by what?

Answer 8

the length of the fibula on the lateral side of the ankle

Question 9

Talocrural joint is strongest in _______ and weakest in _______

Answer 9

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

Question 10

which arch of the foot has medial and lateral divisions

Answer 10

longitudinal arch

Question 11

which arch of the foot runs from side to side

Answer 11

transverse arch

Question 12

what do the arches of the foot do for the body?

Answer 12

1. act as shock absorbers

2. provide propulsion assistance during movement

Question 13

3 muscular compartments

Answer 13

• anterior[dorsiflex/extensors]
• lateral[evertors]
• posterior[deep/superficial]

Question 14

common sport injuries to the ankle typically involve what structures

Answer 14

skeletal & ligamentous structures [sprains/fractures]

Question 15

chronic injuries of the ankle usually involve damage to what structures

Answer 15

soft tissues in the area, stress fractures

Question 16

4 common fracture sites

Answer 16

1. Distal tibia & fibula
2. Metatarsal
3. Avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal
4. repeated microtrauma = stress fracture

Question 17

metatarsal fractures result from …

Answer 17

being kicked or stepped on

Question 18

a non-union fracture to the 5th metatarsal is common if …

Answer 18

blood supply is disrupted

Question 19

how does an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal often occur

Answer 19

lateral ankle sprain

Question 20

1st aid ankle fractures

Answer 20

• dress wounds
• immobilize (splint)
• medical facility
• shock treatment

Question 21

as severity of the ankle sprain increases, so does ______ of the ankle

Answer 21

instability

Question 22

what type of sprains are most common

Answer 22

lateral

Question 23

___% to ____% of all ankle sprains are to the lateral ligaments [inversion sprains]

Answer 23

80-85%

Question 24

which sprains are less frequent but sever

Answer 24

eversion

Question 25

1st 2nd & 3rd degree ankle sprains

Answer 25

1st: pain, mild disability, little laxity, no swelling
2nd: pain, moderate disability, some laxity, swelling
3rd: pain, severe disability, loss of function, laxity, severe swelling

Question 26

1st aid ankle sprains

Answer 26

• RICE
• horsehoe or donut to reduce swelling
• crutches
• physician referral

Question 27

tibiofibular sprains are also known as

Answer 27

high ankle sprains

Question 28

tibiofibular sprains are often treated inappropriately, as what?

Answer 28

lateral ankle sprains, hindering recovery

Question 29

what is the difference between lateral ankle sprains and tibiofibular sprains

Answer 29

mechanism of injury;

tib fib: dorsiflexion followed by axial loading & external foot rotation

Question 30

tibiofibular sprain symptoms

Answer 30

• positive sprain test
• great pain
• squeeze tests result in pain in syndesmosis area

Question 31

first aid tibiofibular sprain

Answer 31

same as regular ankle sprains + a walking boot