chapter 16 - exam 2 Flashcards
7 joints of the ankle/foot
- talocrural [dorsi/plantarflex]
- distal tibiofibular
- subtalar [inver/eversion]
- intertarsal
- tarsometatarsal
- metatarsophalangeal
- interphalangeal
What is the deltoid ligament?
strong primary stabilizer of the medial side of the talocrural [ankle] joint
what does the deltoid ligament prevent ?
everted ankle sprains [rolling ankle]
there are ___ primary _____ ligaments; combined are not as stable as the deltoid ligament
3; lateral
there are ___ primary _____ ligaments; combined are not as stable as the deltoid ligament
3; lateral
which ligaments are not as large or strong as deltoid ligaments?
lateral ankle ligaments
The lateral ankle ligaments are weaker & smaller than the deltoid ligaments, & this results in more what
inverted ankle sprains
additional lateral stability is provided by what?
the length of the fibula on the lateral side of the ankle
Talocrural joint is strongest in _______ and weakest in _______
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
which arch of the foot has medial and lateral divisions
longitudinal arch
which arch of the foot runs from side to side
transverse arch
what do the arches of the foot do for the body?
- act as shock absorbers
2. provide propulsion assistance during movement
3 muscular compartments
- anterior[dorsiflex/extensors]
- lateral[evertors]
- posterior[deep/superficial]
common sport injuries to the ankle typically involve what structures
skeletal & ligamentous structures [sprains/fractures]
chronic injuries of the ankle usually involve damage to what structures
soft tissues in the area, stress fractures
4 common fracture sites
- Distal tibia & fibula
- Metatarsal
- Avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal
- repeated microtrauma = stress fracture
metatarsal fractures result from …
being kicked or stepped on
a non-union fracture to the 5th metatarsal is common if …
blood supply is disrupted
how does an avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal often occur
lateral ankle sprain
1st aid ankle fractures
- dress wounds
- immobilize (splint)
- medical facility
- shock treatment
as severity of the ankle sprain increases, so does ______ of the ankle
instability
what type of sprains are most common
lateral
___% to ____% of all ankle sprains are to the lateral ligaments [inversion sprains]
80-85%
which sprains are less frequent but sever
eversion
1st 2nd & 3rd degree ankle sprains
1st: pain, mild disability, little laxity, no swelling
2nd: pain, moderate disability, some laxity, swelling
3rd: pain, severe disability, loss of function, laxity, severe swelling
1st aid ankle sprains
- RICE
- horsehoe or donut to reduce swelling
- crutches
- physician referral
tibiofibular sprains are also known as
high ankle sprains
tibiofibular sprains are often treated inappropriately, as what?
lateral ankle sprains, hindering recovery
what is the difference between lateral ankle sprains and tibiofibular sprains
mechanism of injury;
tib fib: dorsiflexion followed by axial loading & external foot rotation
tibiofibular sprain symptoms
- positive sprain test
- great pain
- squeeze tests result in pain in syndesmosis area
first aid tibiofibular sprain
same as regular ankle sprains + a walking boot
