Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

302 > chapter 15 - exam 2 > Flashcards

chapter 15 - exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

muscles of the knee

A

hamstrings quads abductors adductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common sports injuries

A

fracturs/dislocations
tendon/bursae
muscle strains
ligament ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

t/f knee is difficult to protect

A

true. experience repeated trauma in contact & collision sports; major component of body contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fracture of the femur result from

A

extremely traumatic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in adolescence femoral fractures may include what type of injury

A

slipped capital epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in adulthood femoral fractures may result in

A

avascular necrosis [tissue death] of the femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

avascular necrosis results from a disrupted blood supply to the _____ ________ on femoral head

A

articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S&S of femur/patella fracture

A

Pain
obvious deformity
pop or snap
swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st aid femur/patella fracture

A 
PRICE
shock treatment
splint
dress open wounds
monitor vitals/circulation
*physician
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dislocation of knee/tibiofemoral joint can compromise _______ to the lower leg & requires serious medical attention

A

blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S&S of knee dislocation

A

pain
dysfunction
deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1st aid knee dislocation

A

splint

*physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Soft tissue thigh injuries result from

A

direct contact (contusion) or a muscle strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

poorly treated contusions result in

A

myositis ossificans traumatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S&S of muscle contusion

A

tightness
history of forceful impact
inability to contract muscle
swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what muscle groups are most likely to sustain muscle strains to the thigh

A

hamstrings/adduction [groin]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which are usually weaker & more susceptible to strain, hamstrings or quadriceps?

A

hamstrings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____ & ______ are important in a recovery program for strains [dont favor one over the other]

A

stretching & strengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S&S muscle strains to thigh

A 
weakness
inability to contract
visible defect
sharp pain
swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1st aid muscle strains to thigh

A

RICE
crutches [if necessary]
medical evaluation (*physician)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

patellofemoral joint injuries are aka

A

knee cap joint injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____ & ____ injuries both affect patellofemoral joint & may be debilitating

A

acute & chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what bone injury is associated with knee cap joint injuries

A

osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

explain osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)

A

small pieces of bone are dislodged from a joint & float within a capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what makes OCD so dangerous

A

bone fragments can block or lock a joints motion & cause damage to joint surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

S&S OCD

A

swelling
knee may lock
pain with use
tender femoral condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

1st aid OCD

A

ice
compression
crutches
*physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are bursae

A

small fluid filled sacs located strategically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how many bursae in the knee region?

A

numerous, only a few are typically injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

inflammation of a bursae sack can be caused by

A

direct trauma
overuse
infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what type of bursae is most susceptible to trauma?

A

pre-patellar bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

S&S bursitis

A

swelling (h20 balloon)
pain with pressure
report of direct trauma to knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

1st aid bursitis

A

rest
ice
compression
chronic: anti-inflammatories, removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Patellar dislocation/subluxation is often caused by

A

quick cutting motion that generate a great deal of abnormal force within the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

in patellar dislocations/subluxations, the patella moves _____ and may ______, instead of moving normally

A

laterally, dislocate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is it called when the patella is dislocated and returns to its position spontaneously

A

subluxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

S&S patellar dislocation/subluxation

A

swelling
pain
abnormal movement
medial patella pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

1st aid patella dislocation/subluxation

A

ice
compression
elevation
splint to transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

irritation of the patellar tendon complex is referred to as

A

osgood schlatter’s disease OSD

40
Q

Patellar tendinitis [jumpers knee] is a result of

A

irritation of patellar tendon complex between its attachments on the tibia & patella

41
Q

patellar tendonitis is common to the person who…

A

must jump a great deal in sport participation

42
Q

typically a person with patellar tendonitis will experience pain at ______ sites within this complex?

A

1 of 3

43
Q

3 sites to experience patellar tendonitis

A

superior or inferior pole of patella or at tibial tuberosity [most common]

44
Q

S&S patellar tendonitis

A

pain around patella that may spread to tibial tuberosity
decreased quad ability
worse with activity

45
Q

1st aid patellar tendonitis

A 
compression
rest
ice
strengthen & stretch
*Physician referral
46
Q

several conditions involve misalignment of the patella to the _____

A

femur

47
Q

2 patellofemoral conditions include

A

chondromalacia patella

patellofemoral stress syndrome

48
Q

misalignment of the patella and femur may be related to what

A

q angle

49
Q

what is the q angle

A

difference between a straight line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the patella, & a line drawn from the center of the patella through the COG tibial tuberosity

50
Q

what q angle is acceptable

A

angle of 15 deg. to 20 deg. female>male

51
Q

what does excessive q angle result in

A

patella pulled too far laterally during knee extension

52
Q

what occurs if there is abnormal Patellofemoral configuration as a result of some skeletal (Q angle), muscular, or mechanical dysfunction

A

pain results

53
Q

what is chondromalacia patella

A

softening & deterioration of the cartilage surface on the back of the patella bc of abnormal movement or over-use

54
Q

S&S chondromalacia patella

A

pain in walking, running, stairs, squatting, swelling, grating sensation GROSS

55
Q

1st aid chondromalacia patella

A 
isometric exercise
avoid irritation
strengthen quads
wear knee sleeve
arthroscopic surgery [may be psychological]
56
Q

what are menisci

A

2 semilunar semicircular fibrocartilaginous disks in the knee

57
Q

what are the 2 types of menisci

A

medial and lateral

58
Q

what are the menisci purpose

A
  • nourish & lubricate joint
  • weight distribution
  • assistance w/ joint biomechanics
59
Q

how are the menisci typically damaged

A

quick sharp cutting movements

60
Q

menisci injury is more likely to occur if foot is in what position

A

planted firmly on the playing surface

61
Q

although there are many types of tears that can affect the meniscus, what is an example of one

A

torn flap of meniscus will get caught in the joint causing it to lock

62
Q

S&S menisci tear

A 
pop/snap
may or may not swell
may or may not hurt
loss of ROM
may be able to participate still
feeling the knee is "giving out" or locking
63
Q

1st aid meniscus injury

A

ice
compression
crutches
*physician

64
Q

t/f meniscus injuries often end players careers

A

false; new methods & surgery allow athletes to return to participation

65
Q

4 major ligaments of the knee

A

anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
tibial or medial collateral
Fibular or lateral collateral

66
Q

explain grade 1 knee sprains

A 
stretched ligament
minimal bleeding
no loss of function
joint stiffness
point tenderness
67
Q

explain grade 2 knee sprains

A 
some fibers torn
more bleeding
slight swelling
moderate pain
slight function loss
mod-sev stiffness
slight joint laxity
68
Q

explain grade 3 knee sprains

A 
complete tear/rupture
min-mod swelling
complete function loss
immediate pain
unstable joint
69
Q

which is most common, LCL or MCL sprain

A

MCL

70
Q

the MCL sprain is a result of

A

valgus stress

71
Q

MOI for MCL sprains

A

blow to lateral side of the knee

72
Q

the LCL sprain is a result of

A

varus stress

73
Q

MOI for LCL sprain

A

blow to medial side of the knee

74
Q

both LCL and MCL sprains render the knee unstable in what type of movements

A

side to side

75
Q

when is the PCL injured

A
  • tibia moves in a forceful posterior direction;

- femur is pushed forward while tibia is held in place

76
Q

how is the ACL injured

A
  • tibia moves in a forceful anterior direction;

- femur gets pushed backward while tibia is held in place

77
Q

what type of body movements cause ACL injuries

A

quick rotational movement without contact, stops and starts, awkward landings

78
Q

what do muscle often do when an ACL is torn

A

muscle guarding: tighten & provide knee stability [splint the joint] in place of ACL

79
Q

how many ACL injuries per year

A
  • 80,000 - 250,000

- >50% occur to athletes ages 15-25

80
Q

incidence for female ACL injuries in age range is ____ times greater than males

A

4 - 6

81
Q

estimated cost per ACL injury

A

$17,000 - $25,000

[loss of participation, scholarship loss, disability]

82
Q

the stronger the quads activation during _____ contraction {changing direction, slowing down} the greater the likelihood of ____ injury, especially in ______.

A

eccentric, ACL, females

83
Q

example of a non contact cruciate ligament injury

A

ACL injury

84
Q

6 main causes for non contact cruciate ligament injuries

A
  1. environment [shoes, surface]
  2. anatomical [q angle, BMI]
  3. hormonal [recent relationship between sex hormone change & ACL laxity]
  4. neuromuscular [altered movement pattern, muscle activation pattern, fatigue]
  5. biomechanical [landing technique]
  6. family [genetics]
85
Q

S&S of non contact cruciate ligament injuries

A 
knee forced beyond ROM
unstable knee
pain
swelling
snap/pop
86
Q

1st aid non-contact cruciate ligament injuries

A

ice
compression
crutches
*physician

87
Q

7 theories for ACL injuries in females

A
  1. wider hips [greater q angle]
  2. small intercondylar notch on femur where ACL attaches
  3. weak/small ACL
  4. reduced muscle strength
  5. menstruating
  6. play in upright [vertical] position
  7. insufficient neuromuscular training
88
Q

IT band syndrome is aka

A

runners knee

89
Q

MOI IT band syndrome

A

overuse [runners, cyclists] with irritation over lateral femoral condyle

90
Q

S&S IT band syndrome

A

tender
pain
warm
mild swelling

91
Q

treatment IT band syndrome

A

stretching
correct foot alignment
ice/ice massage before&after
medication

92
Q

Knee injury prevention begins with

A

proper warm-up prior to vigorous activity/sport

93
Q

what type of programs may reduce the possibility of an ACL tear, especially in females?

A

jump & landing training

94
Q

2 types of knee bracing

A
  1. prophylactic

2. functional knee

95
Q

which tends to work better after knee surgery?

A

functional knee braces

96
Q

what physical conditioning techniques prevent knee injury

A

strength, flexibility, CVR endurance, stretching, plyometrics, core strengthening

302 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions