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1
Q

the study of the distribution of diseases, injuries or other health states in the human population for the purpose of identifying & implementing measures to prevent their development & spread

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

scientific studies of _____ injuries are a relatively recent trend

A

sport

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3
Q

the studies of sport injuries involve determining ____ _____ that play a causative role in injury

A

risk factors

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4
Q

_____ may be identified if sufficient sports (and exercise) injury data is available

A

trends

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5
Q

what are the 3 classifications of sports?

A
  1. contact/collision (hockey soccer bball)
  2. limited contact/collision (vball, baseball, softball)
  3. non-contact (tennis, bowling, golf)
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6
Q

____ americans sustain injuries each year

A

62 million

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7
Q

___% of inures occur in practice

A

62

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8
Q

what sport has the highest injury rate per 1000 athletes? what sport has the lowest?

A

football, volleyball

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9
Q

fractures are most likely to occur in which sports

A

bball, soccer, baseball

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10
Q

knee injuries are most likely to occur in what sport for men & women?

A

womens soccer, baseball

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11
Q

what is the most common injury category?

A

contusions (soft tissue)

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12
Q

highest rate of injury occurs in what type of sport

A

contact & collision

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13
Q

if you are older, the injuries are more …

A

severe

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14
Q

how many people are treated a day in the ER for sport, exercise, and recreational injuries?

A

10,000

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15
Q

what is the most injured body part in weight training

A

hand

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16
Q

in weight training, what kind of injury makes up 64.1% of all injuries? 15.1% (name both)?

A
  • soft tissue
  • lacerations
  • fractures/dislocations
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17
Q

in weight training injuries, what age group makes up 43.5% of all injuries? what about 32.5%?

A
  • 15-24

- 25-44

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18
Q

what percent of all injuries in weight training are male? what are female?

A

male: 80.5%

female; 19.5%

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19
Q

what percent of weight training injuries occur at home?

A

40.2%

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20
Q

what percent of weight training injuries occur in the fitness center?

A

17.8%

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21
Q

what is an injury?

A

trauma or damage to a part of the body

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22
Q

what are the usual results of an injury?

A

pain, swell in, temporary loss of tissue function (mild moderate or severe)

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23
Q

this type of injury occurs as a rapid onset from a traumatic event

A

acute injury

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24
Q

magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged

A

critical force

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25
Q

what are common signs/symptoms of an acute injury? name five.

A
  1. Bone or joint out of place
  2. Incomplete joint ROM
  3. Tender area of the body
  4. Extreme leg/arm weakness
  5. Swelling
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26
Q

this type of injury occurs as a slow onset implying a gradual development of structural damage

A

chronic injury

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27
Q

______ injuries are associated with ____ events such as running

A

chronic, repetitive

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28
Q

chronic injuries are also called what

A

over use injuries

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29
Q

what are 3 common sites of chronic injuries?

A

achilles tendon, patellar tendon, rotator cuff

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30
Q

what are the common signs/symptoms of chronic injury?

A
  1. pain when playing
  2. dull ache when resting
  3. swelling
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31
Q

_____ injuries involve damage to the brain & _____ _____

A

catastrophic, spinal cord

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32
Q

what is different about catastrophic injuries?

A

they are life threatening or permanent

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33
Q

sprains are an injury to the

A

ligament

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34
Q

describe the three degrees of a sprain.

A

1st degree: ligament is stretched
2nd degree: partial tear of ligament
3rd degree: complete tear of ligament

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35
Q

what is a strain?

A

an injury to a muscle, tendon or musculotendinous junction

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36
Q

describe the three degrees of a strain

A
  • 1st degree: tissue is stretched (possible micro-tears) & pain is noticeable with use
  • 2nd degree: partial tear of tissue with pain & moderate loss of function
  • 3rd degree: complete rupture of tissue, significant swelling & loss of function
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37
Q

general cause of strains?

A

excessive forced stretching of muscle or tendon

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38
Q

what is the site of most strains?

A

MTJ (generally distal)

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39
Q

______ are extremely strong structures that can withstand stresses of _____ - ______ lbs/sq. inch

A

tendons; 8,700 -> 18,000

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40
Q

what are contusions also referred to as

A

bruises

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41
Q

bruises/contusions are also associated with what symptoms

A

pain, swelling, stiffness, hematoma (blood clot)

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42
Q

if a contusion is severe enough, what might it result in?

A

myositis ossificans

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43
Q

what are the 2 types of skeletal tissue injuries

A

fractures & dislocations

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44
Q

what are fractures

A

breaks or cracks in bone

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45
Q

what are the three types of fractures?

A

closed, open, stress

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46
Q

what type of fracture occurs when there is no wound but internal bleeding is occurring?

A

closed

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47
Q

what type of fracture occurs when there is a wound present & external bleeding

A

open

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48
Q

what type of fracture occurs when there is a fine airline fracture & no soft tissue damage?

A

stress

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49
Q

how do stress fractures occur ?

A

repeated overloading of bone exceeds the recovery rate

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50
Q

symptoms of a stress fracture

A

pain/tenderness, absence of trauma, repetitive activity

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51
Q

how long will it take for a stress fracture to show on an X-ray?

A

weeks or even months

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52
Q

_______ is the displacement of ______ surfaces or bones comprising a joint

A

dislocation, contiguous

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53
Q

what are the two types of dislocations? what is the difference?

A

subluxation and luxation

  • subluxation: partial dislocation
  • luxation: total displacement
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54
Q

what type of dislocations should be treated by a physician?

A

ALL OF THEM

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55
Q

rate at which bleeding occurs depends on ___ and ____ of ____

A

size and type of vessels

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56
Q

3 types of external bleeding

A

mild, moderate & severe

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57
Q

type of bleeding occurs in the capillary, results in oozing

A

mild bleeding

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58
Q

type of bleeding ochres in the veins & produces a steady dark red flow

A

moderate bleeding

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59
Q

type of bleeding located arterially and produces bright red {oxygenated} blood in strong spurts {pulse}

A

severe

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60
Q

how should you control mild bleeding?

A

direct pressure
disinfect wound
sterile dressing

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61
Q

how should you control moderate bleeding?

A

direct pressure, sterile dressing, elevate body part, treat patient for shock {if necessary}

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62
Q

how should you control severe bleeding?

A

pressure, elevate –>
if unproductive, apply pressure to arterial pressure point {brachial or femoral}, treat patient for shock –>
if all fails apply tourniquet

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63
Q

t/f you should treat a suspected injury as an actual injury until proven otherwise

A

true

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64
Q

when should you see a doctor (as pertaining to an injury)

A
  1. injury results in severe swelling/numbness
  2. unable to bear weight
  3. old injury hurts
  4. old injury swells
  5. joint feels irregular or unstable
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65
Q

sports medicine is also referred to as

A

athletic training

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66
Q

inappropriate decisions by you (the person in charge) may jeopardize _____ & possibly result in ____ action

A

health, legal

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67
Q

define tort

A

harm or civil wrong done to another for which the law holds the wrongdoer responsible

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68
Q

in tort cases, the court will provide a _____ usually in the form of ____, usually money

A

remedy, damages, usually money

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69
Q

the person suing usually uses ______ as a reason for issuing the legal action

A

negligence

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70
Q

what is negligence?

A

failure to do what a reasonably prudent person would have done under similar circumstances OR doing something that a reasonably prudent person would NOT have done under similar circumstances

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71
Q

define reasonably prudent person

A

hypothetical person who exercises qualities (attention knowledge intelligence judgment) which society requires of it’s members for the protection of & interests of others

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72
Q

each person in charge is responsible for acting in a _____ and _____ manner

A

reasonable and prudent

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73
Q

Negligence is referred to as an act of ______

A

commission

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74
Q

what is an act of commission?

A

committing an act that’s not legally yours to perform (ex: PE teacher setting a broken bone)

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75
Q

what is the act of omission? example?

A

failure to carry out a legal duty; not performing CPR on someone after being trained

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76
Q

what are two scripture references that assess the act of omission and commission

A

James 4:17 & Genesis 3:1-7

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77
Q

What are the 4 elements of negligence?

A
  1. Duty
  2. Proximate legal cause
  3. breach of duty
  4. Damage (harm/injury)
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78
Q

The plaintiff (person suing you) must prove __ elements in order for _____ to exist

A

all four elements, negligence

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79
Q

what is a duty?

A

an obligation to protect individuals from unreasonable risk of harm

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80
Q

are you required to render aid when no legal duty exists?

A

no

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81
Q

the _____ must prove that it was the Emergency Services personnel’s ___ ____

A

plaintiff, legal duty

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82
Q

what are the 6 legal duties of E/S personnel?

A
  1. planning
  2. supervision
  3. instruction
  4. warnings
  5. safe participation environment
  6. medical assistance
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83
Q

which of the 6 legal duties of the E/S personnel overlap the other legal responsibilities?

A

planning

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84
Q

which is one of the most prevalent allegations in sports injury litigation?

A

failure to warn; warnings should be put into a waiver

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85
Q

what are the two responsibilities that come with medical assistance?

A
  1. 1st aid until qualified medical assistance arrives

2. initiating emergency medical procedures (which should be planned in advance)

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86
Q

negligence only exists when a ____ is _______

A

duty, breached

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87
Q

true or false: E/S is also negligent when a person suffers due to people under him/her not responding or responding out of job

A

True

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88
Q

one is not guilty every time a duty is breached. what must occur?

A

injury

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89
Q

What occurs in “proximate or legal cause”

A

plaintiff must prove the personnel actions caused harm (whether they did or did not do something) & this needs to be a substantial factor

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90
Q

explain “Damage”

A

plaintiff received physical or emotional harm resulting in economic loss, physical pain or suffering, emotional distress, or physical impairment

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91
Q

name the 4 legal defences

A
  1. contributory negligence
  2. comparative negligence
  3. assumption of risk
  4. act of God
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92
Q

what occurs with contributory negligence

A

exists when plaintiff conduct helps aggravate plaintiff injury [partially/totally responsible for harm]

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93
Q

what occurs with comparative negligence

A

plaintiff & defendant are guilty; plaintiff receives partial compensation on a prorated basis (as determined by the judge & jury)

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94
Q

what occurs with assumption of risk

A

plaintiff assumes responsibility for injury bc they agreed to participate & were fully informed (signed a waiver, etc.)

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95
Q

what occurs with Act of God

A

injury is a result of factors beyond the control of the defendant (ex: earthquake or lightning strike during practice)

96
Q

what is it called when government employees are provided a certain degree of immunity from tort litigation (lawsuits) as long as the employee acts within the scope of their job description

A

doctrine of sovereign immunity

97
Q

what are good Samaritan laws?

A

serve to protect those who voluntarily provide first aid to injured person(s);

98
Q

what are the rules behind good Samaritan laws?

A

the act cannot be grossly negligent or constitute willful misconduct; only apply in emergencies; must act without compensation; must not be part of your job

99
Q

what is gross negligence?

A

negligent act done with utter unconcern for safety of others

100
Q

what are four major potential liabilities

A
  1. failure to be reasonable prudent
  2. failure to hire competent personnel
  3. failure to provide safe equipment
  4. failure to provide instruction
101
Q

what are ways we can be protected?

A
  • be vigilant regarding risks
  • ask employer about their liability protection
  • acquire liability insurance
  • don’t assume you’re covered by a policy
102
Q

how can you reduce the chances of going to court

A
  1. written contract w/ duties
  2. perform duties properly
  3. 1st aid/cpr trained
  4. form emergency plan
  5. document all injuries
  6. inspect facilities
103
Q

what should you do if you get sued?

A
  • contact pro liability insurance company and a lawyer
  • write detailed description of events
  • make no statement to the media
  • pray without ceasing
104
Q

every effort should be made to reduce likelihood of injury. This means examining the ____ _____ that contribute to injuries.

A

risk factors

105
Q

what kind of risk factors are participant dependent?

A

intrinsic factors

106
Q

what kind of risk factors are event/situation/environment dependent?

A

extrinsic factors

107
Q

8 intrinsic factors

A
  1. age & physical growth/development
  2. gender specific concerns
  3. body size
  4. injury history
  5. ligament laxity
  6. flexibility
  7. fitness level
  8. exercise competence level
  9. existing medical conditions
  10. psychological state
  11. overall intelligence
108
Q

4 extrinsic risk factors

A
  1. safe equipment & facilities
  2. appropriate & safe environment
  3. appropriate activity for participants
  4. conditioning errors/poor judgement
109
Q

intervention strategies for extrinsic factors

A

enhance modify or eliminate

110
Q

intervention strategies for intrinsic factors

A

minimize modify or eliminate

111
Q

many intrinsic factors can be significantly modified as a result of …

A

effective conditioning programs

112
Q

what should injury prevention strategies focus most on?

A

preseason conditioning & training throughout the season

113
Q

what does general conditioning focus on?

A

the 4 components of fitness

114
Q

what does sport specific conditioning focus on?

A

all aspects of the sports that are unique to it

115
Q

stable enduring qualities of an individual

A

personality

116
Q

5 characteristics that may be related to sports injuries include

A
  1. general personality
  2. trait anxiety
  3. locus of control
  4. self-concept
  5. stress response
117
Q

permanent personality characteristics are called

A

personality traits

118
Q

temporary changes in personality characteristics are called

A

personality states

119
Q

general disposition to perceive a threat & react with an anxiety response

A

trait anxiety (emotional stability)

120
Q

people’s belief (or lack thereof) that they are in control of events occurring within their lives

A

locus of control

121
Q

what is the general thought in regards to internal locus of control

A

I am responsible for what happens to me

122
Q

what is the general thought in regards to external locus of control

A

I have little control over events in my life

123
Q

theory currently being studied that says a low self-concept is less able to deal efficiently with competition stress

A

self concept (can be raised with counseling & exercise)

124
Q

these develop through interaction between the participation & a changing social environment

A

psychosocial variables & injuries

125
Q

a strong relationship exists between _______ events & ______

A

negative; injury

126
Q

what is a stressor?

A

anything that affects the body’s physiological or psychological condition & upsets homeostatic balance

127
Q

dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment and the external environment

A

homeostasis

128
Q

injury is a _______ stressor for athletes according to Weiss & Troxel

A

psychological

129
Q

describe the four phases of the psychological response

A

one: adapts to activity restriction
two: appraises short & long term significance of the injury
three: emotional responses
four: deals with long term consequences

130
Q

injury rates are estimated to be as high as ____ per year for individuals who regularly engage in ____ ______ activities such as _____

A

50%, high intensity, running

131
Q

majority of sports have ________ parameters for participation

A

narrow

132
Q

sports demand ____ for success

A

leanness

133
Q

self-starvation motivates by an obsession with thinness & overwhelming fear of fat

A

anorexia nervosa

134
Q

repeated bouts of binge eating followed by purging

A

bulimia nervosa

135
Q

what is the 3rd type of eating disorder

A

atypical eating disorder

136
Q

4 characteristics of subclinical disordered eating (atypical)

A
  1. dieting excessively when not overweight
  2. preoccupation with food, calories, nutrition, cooking
  3. excessive exercise
  4. frequent weighing
137
Q

more than _____ have reported to using at least one extreme dieting method

A

1/3

138
Q

___ - ____ % female athletes were classified as having symptoms & patterns of clinical disordered eating

A

25-32%

139
Q

_ - __ % athletes were classified as having a clinical diagnosis of an eating disorder

A

2 - 3.4 %

140
Q

two risk factors of eating disorders

A
  1. gener & age

2. socioeconomic factors

141
Q

the NEDA has classified all risk factors into what 4 categories?

A
  1. psychological factors
  2. interpersonal factors
  3. social factors
  4. biological factors
142
Q

what are 2 sports that have high risk factors for eating disorders

A

gymnastics, distance running

143
Q

females are more likely to have ______ ____ habits than males

A

pathogenic dietary

144
Q

6 physical problems associated with Eating Disorders

A
  1. gastric upset
  2. esophageal inflammation
  3. erosion of tooth enamel
  4. hormone imbalances
  5. amenorrhea
  6. kidney/heart problems
145
Q

two prevention efforts for eating disorders

A
  1. place less emphasis on weight

2. avoid referral to weight in a negative manner

146
Q

____ of all eating disorder cases do not respond to therapy

A

1/3

147
Q

failure to plan means

A

planning to fail

148
Q

what are 3 things to include in an emergency plan

A
  1. ID personnel involved in carrying out plan
  2. specify necessary equipment
  3. establish mechanism for communication
149
Q

members of the emergency plan personnel are responsible for what 4 things

A
  1. immediate care of student/client
  2. emergency equipment retrieval
  3. activation of EMS
  4. directing EMS to injury scene
150
Q

what are two rules in regards to first aid/ CPR training

A
  1. all emergency personnel should be trained

2. should be conducted by a nationally recognized organization

151
Q

if the person is seriously injured, what should you do?

A
  1. note if they are alert (eyes open, state name, etc.)
  2. if fails, establish verbal communication
  3. if fails, verify response to painful
152
Q

what do we do if a spine/head injury is suspected

A

immobilize them immediately

153
Q

what is the AVPU scale

A

A - alertness
V - respond to verbal stimulus
P - respond to painful stimulus
U - unresponsive to any stimulus

154
Q

What is the DOT(S) method for assessing injury

A

D - deformity
O - Open wounds
T - tenderness
S - swelling

155
Q

where do you start if assessing injury

A

head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities

156
Q

what is the difference between signs and symptoms

A

signs are objective (hard data) symptoms are subjective (can’t measure)

157
Q

examples of signs & symptoms

A

signs: swelling, temperature
symptoms: nausea, pain

158
Q

signs and symptoms of shock

A
  • profuse sweating
  • dilated pupils
  • elevated perspiration
  • extreme thirst
  • clammy skin
  • elevated pulse
  • irritability
  • nausea, vomiting
159
Q

3 types of treatment

A
  1. supine position w/ legs elevated
  2. light covering
  3. calm/reassure individual
160
Q

what is the HOPS physical exam?

A

H- istory (medical history)
O- bservation (signs & symptoms)
P- alpation
S- hock

161
Q

how do muscle/tendon injuries often occur

A

excessive tension

162
Q

muscle/fascia injuries often occur during _____ contraction

A

eccentric

163
Q

tendons are strong & can withstand ___ - _____ lbs/sq. inch

A

8700 - 18000

164
Q

strains most often occur where

A

MTJ

165
Q

most common soft tissue sport injuries are

A

MTJ strains

166
Q

3 mechanical forces of injury

A
  1. compressive (bones absorb this)
  2. tensile (tendons/lig. resist this)
  3. shearing (tendons/lig. resist this)
167
Q

what is the major difference between the 3 mechanical forces of injury

A

the direction of angle of the force

  1. compressive: pushing perpendicular to tissue
  2. tensile: pulling in opp. direction parallel to tissue
  3. shear: pulling in opposite direction perp. to tissue
168
Q

amount of force that tissue can withstand

A

critical force

169
Q

critical force varies for each _____ type

A

tissue

170
Q

critical force may vary within the same tissue type depends on what 5 things

A
  1. age
  2. temperature (environment)
  3. skeletal maturity
  4. gender
  5. body weight
171
Q

when tissues are damaged, the body reacts with a predictable sequence of physiological actions which is commonly called ______

A

swelling

172
Q

____ begins during the first few ____ following an injury

A

swelling; minutes

173
Q

3 normal signs and symptoms of the inflammatory process

A
  1. swelling
  2. pain
  3. reddening of skin
174
Q

3 specific stages of the inflammatory process

A
  1. acute inflammatory process
  2. resolution (healing) phase
  3. regeneration & repair phase
175
Q

the inflammatory phase is a result of _____, which destroys millions of cells.

A

trauma

176
Q

acute inflammatory phase results in _______ followed by _______ which results in a ________

A

vasoconstriction, vasodilation, a hemotoma (bruise_

177
Q

localized collection of extraverted (out of vessels) blood

A

hematoma

178
Q

what type of injury can result in additional destruction after hematoma

A

secondary hypoxic injury

179
Q

______ release powerful enzymes (chemicals)

A

lysosomes

180
Q

3 groups of enzymes

A
  1. degradatie (cellular breakdown)
  2. vasoactive (vasodilators of vessels)
  3. chemotactic (attract cells)
181
Q

powerful inflammatory chemical released from a # of different cells

A

histamine

182
Q

the release of histamine results in short-term ________ which increases the permeability of the _______

A

vasodilation, capillaries

183
Q

how long does the acute inflammatory phase last?

A

3-4 days unless aggravated by additional trauma

184
Q

during this phase special cells migrate into the area of injury

A

resolution (healing) phase

185
Q

all cells in the resolution phase serve to do what

A

break down cellular debris

186
Q

the resolution phase, which breaks down cellular debris, sets the stage for the final step in the inflammatory process which is

A

regeneration and repair

187
Q

formation of new capillaries

A

angiogenesis

188
Q

angiogenesis is essential for the provision of ______ and the removal of _____

A

nutrients; waste

189
Q

except for _____, body tissues heal with scaring that begins to form _____ days after the injury

A

bone; 3-4 days

190
Q

fiber producing cells

A

fibroblasts

191
Q

3 characteristics of fibroblasts

A
  1. migrate to damaged area
  2. mature into several types of cells
  3. produce collagen fibers
192
Q

____ formation can take months but can be __% as strong as original tissue

A

scar; 95%

193
Q

when a scar forms, _____ is helpful (rehabilitation exercises are critical to this process)

A

stress

194
Q

bone tissue heals by way of specialized cells called

A

osteoblasts

195
Q

what are the 2 steps in recovery & repair of bone tissue?

A
  1. osteoblasts migrate into the area

2. osteoblasts develop a zone of collagen known as a “callus” which fills the area of the fracture

196
Q

perception of an uncomfortable stimulus

A

pain

197
Q

presentation or response to an uncomfortable stimulus

A

pain

198
Q

what is important to remember in regards to pain?

A

everyone copes with pain differently

199
Q

pain is as much _______ as it is physiological

A

psychological

200
Q

pain results from ____ input received through the ______ system

A

sensory; nervous

201
Q

what does pain indicate?

A

location of tissue damage

202
Q

pain is not a useful indicator of

A

severity

203
Q

what are given a higher priority, messages concerning sensory information (touch) or pain messages ?

A

messages concerning sensory information, because pain messages travel more slowly

204
Q

rubbing the injured area sends _____ signals to the brain faster than _____ signals

A

touch; pain

205
Q

2 methods to administer cryotherapy

A
  1. crushed iced bags

2. ice water baths

206
Q

after the acute phase of injury, application of ____ is appropriate

A

heat

207
Q

one method of controlling the inflammatory process

A

cryotherapy

208
Q

what does the direct application of cold from cryotherapy result in?

A

vasoconstriction during the first few minutes

209
Q

immediate application of cold reduces the severity of

A

the secondary hypoxic injury

210
Q

in extremeties, ______ and ______ are helpful

A

elevation & compression

211
Q

what does RICE stand for

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

212
Q

cold application to an injured area has what kind of effect

A

analgesic

213
Q

what is the recommended procedure for cryotherapy

A

20 minutes of ice, 1 hour off, then 20 minutes on (repeat for 24 hours minimum)

214
Q

ICE during inflammatory period helps promote _____ and reduces ____ ____ by reducing ____ required

A

healing; recovery time; 02

215
Q

what is a risk of cryotherapy?

A

frostbite (human tissue freezes at 25 degrees F)

216
Q

research shows ________ _____ should NEVER be applies to an acute injury

A

thermotherapeutic agents

217
Q

when are thermotherapies useful?

A

final stages of injury repair

218
Q

what type of heat is best for thermotherapy

A

warm moist heat

219
Q

why is thermotherapy useful in the final stages of tissue repair

A

increases available oxygen, stimulates vasodilation in region of injured tissues

220
Q

_______ should only be used under the supervision of trained allied health personal

A

ultrasound

221
Q

2 types of medications that can be used for injuries

A

anti-inflammatories

analgesics

222
Q

2 pharmacological agents drugs

A

steroidal & non-steroidal (NSAID)

223
Q

side effects of steroids

A

interference with college formation

224
Q

steroids may reduce what 23things

A

permeability of capillaries; effectiveness of WBCs in phagocytosis; local fever

225
Q

steroids may be injected or taken orally & include what 3 drugs

A

cortisone
hydrocortisone
prednisone

226
Q

common NSAIDS (non steroid anti inflammatory drugs) include

A

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

227
Q

do NSAIDS have the same negative effect on connective tissue as steroids?

A

no

228
Q

some NSAIDs function as ______, relieving pain

A

analgesics

229
Q

what kind of physical activity is most effective for many injuries

A

properly supervised physical activity

230
Q

properly supervise physical activity can have a positive effect on what 2 things

A
  1. collagen (scar tissue) formation

2. return of muscle strength

231
Q

best approach to take care of soft tissue injury

A

RICE

232
Q

when does collagen formation occur

A

within 2-3 weeks

233
Q

complete scar tissue formation may take up to

A

4 months

234
Q

rehab exercise involves these 4 phases

A

passive
active assisted
active
resistive

235
Q

who performs each rehab exercise

A

passive - PT or ATTR
active assisted - partial ROM assisted by PT or ATTR
active ex - full ROM
resistive ex - external resistance used in performing exercise

302 (5 decks)

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