Chapter 16 Flashcards
what is the biological approach for treating psychological disorders?
improve structural or biological functioning, uses psychoactive drugs, may neglet non biological problems
what is the psychodynamic approach for treating psychological disorders?
discover source and conflicts, therapist analysis of resistance, dreams and catharasis
what is the behavioural approach for treating psychological disorders?
learn more functional behaviours, desensitization aversion therapy, operant conditioning, therapist modelling
what is the cognitive behavioural approach for psychological disorders?
change harmful thinking patterns, rational emotional therapy, cognitive therapy.
what is the humanistic approach for psychological disorders?
provide support for self appraisal and acceptance, client centred and gestalt therapy techniques.
What key feature is common to all forms of therapy?
- Therapists generally see the same kinds of clients.
- Therapy takes place in all sorts of settings.
- Clinicians have become increasingly concerned about the negative effects of long-term institutionalization.
Providing support for honest self-appraisal, self-acceptance, and self-actualization is the goal of _______ type of therapy.
humanistic and existential
medications that act on the brain are?
psychoactive drugs
what are the four major drug groups used in therapy?
antisphycotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizers, anti anxiety drugs
how do antipsychotic drugs work?
block dopamine receptors
how do antidepressants work?
target the norepinephrine and serotonin pathways
what are snris?
serotonin reuptake inhibitors, block the reabsorption of serotonin
what is a placebo?
inactive substance, mimics a drug but has no active ingredients
what is electroconvulsive therapy?
use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure, in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning
what is an ETC primarily used for?
people with severe depression, helps about 70%, less often today, only in severe cases
what is vagus nervous stimulation?
implanted device sends electrical signals to the brain through vagus nerve, used to treat severe depression
what is transcranial magnetic stimulation
coil sends current into prefrontal cortex, increase neuron activity, severe depression
what is psychosurgery?
brain surgery to relieve abnormal functioning
what are the forms of psychosurgery?
- trepheing (chipping a hole in the skull) and 2. labotomy (cutting sections between the frontal lobe) 3. deep brain stimulaion (implanted electrodes to treat severe depression, parkinsons disease and epilepsy)
What are the main categories of biological treatments?
drug and electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery
What are some new methods of direct brain stimulation?
vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation
what are some techniques for psychodynamic therapies?
free association, therapist interpretation, catharsis and working through
what is free association?
allowing clients to freely talk about whatever thy want
what is the difference between resistance, interference, and dream interpretation?
resistance (clients encounter a block in their free associations or change the subject to avoid a potentially painful discussion)
interference (clients come to act and feel toward the therapist as they did toward important figures)
dream interpretation ( dreams can reveal the unconscious)
- all part of therapist interpretation``
what is catharsis?
Reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems
a single session of catharasis would not be beneficial, therefore clients most partake in _________?
working through
what is relational psychoanalytical therapy?
therapists should work to form more equal relationships with clients.
The psychodynamic therapy technique of allowing clients to freely talk about whatever they want is called?
free association
The psychodynamic therapy of reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems is called?
catharasis
what are the three categories of behavioural techniques?
classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modelling
what is aversion therapy?
designed to help clients to acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that the clients have been finding too attractive. (classical)
what is token economy?
Operant conditioning therapy program in which participants receive tokens (that can be traded for rewards) when they display desired behaviours.
what is social skills training?
Behavioural therapy technique in which therapists serve as models and teachers to help clients acquire desired social behaviours.
What is systematic desensitization?
This process is aimed at teaching people with phobias to react with calm instead of fear to the objects or situations they dread.
what is albert ellises Rational-emotive behavioural therapy?
Ellis’s therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviours, and thinking.
what is becks cognitive theory?
help clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.
what is second wave cognitive behaviour therapies?
help clients accept their issues, use acceptance and commitment therapy. mindfullness, and acceptance and commitment
What do therapists help clients to do in cognitive therapy?
Recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.
what is rogers client centred therapy?
Humanistic therapy designed to help clients experience unconditional positive regard and look at themselves honestly and acceptingly.
what are 3 qualities for client centred therapy?
unconditional positive regard (full acceptance), accurate empathy (listening and re stating clients statements) and genuinness (realness and communication)
gestalt therapy includes?
move towards self recognition and acceptance
- skill frustration (refuse to meet clients demands)
- role playing (have clients act out various roles)
- rules (clients look at themselves closely)
what is existential therapy?
accept responsibility for lives and problems, great relationship between client and therapist
What are the key characteristics therapists should display in client-centred therapy?
support, honesty, empathy
What techniques are used in Gestalt therapy?
skillful frustration, role playing, and rules
Detecting and treating psychological disorders in the early stages, before they reach serious levels is ________ prevention.
secondary
What is the main assumption of family systems therapy?
Each family has its own implicit rules, relationship structure, and communication patterns that shape the behaviour of the individual members.
What do effective therapists have in common?
They pay careful attention to the way they and their clients interact.
What does research show about whether or NOT therapy is generally effective?
- Studies reveal that therapy is often more helpful than no treatment
- No one form of therapy generally stands out over all others.
- Particular therapies are especially effective at treating certain disorders.
