Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS101 Midterm 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the best definition of psychology?

A

the study of mental processes and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when studying mental processes what are the 4 goals psychologists have in mind?

A

descriptive, explanation, prediction, control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 levels of analysis?

A

the brain, the person and the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who was hippocrates?

A

greek physician who believed that disease had a physical and rational explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who believed that someones health was influenced by humours?

A

hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who studied whether the mind and body function together?

A

socrates and plato (concluded they were distinct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what did Aristotle conclude?

A

humans are closely related to animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who caused the disappearance of the roles of magic and mysticism in psycology, and that the brain controlled the body by moving fluids?

A

leahey 2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is empirism and who created it ?

A

all knowledge originates in expierence, francis bacon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

who popularized the scientific method

A

francis bacon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who believed that the natural world could be understood by science and mathematics?

A

rene descartes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who believed that we learn by experiences?

A

john locke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who studied the relationship between physical stimuli and their psychological affects?

A

johannes muller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who was first to measure the speed of nerve impulse?

A

hermon von helmoltz, led to understanding that thought and movement are linked. contributed to foundation of modern psychology and neuroscience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who was gustav fechner

A

psychology had the potential to become a quantified science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does natural selection propose?

A

chance variations are passed down from parents to offspring, some of these are adaptive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what did William wundt observe?

A

studied the content and processes of conciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who developed voluntarism?

A

wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who created structuralism?

A

edward titchner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is structuralism?

A

the structure of a concious expierence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is introspection?

A

evaluation of mental processes and how simple thoughts expand into complex ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what was william james’s approach?

A

functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is functionalism?

A

how mental processes function to adapt to changing environments.

24
Q

what is gestalt psychology?

A

we have inborn tendencies to structure, these tendencies cause us to see things as broad perceptual units rather than individual sensations.

25
Q

what is the main difference between structuralism and functionalism?

A

functionalism was based on the main belief that scientists should examine the purpose of consciousness

26
Q

what was sigmand freud involved in?

A

many of our thoughts and feelings exist beyond the realm of awareness, focused on patients involved with histeria

27
Q

what is the psychoanalytic theory and from did it originate from?

A

freud, mental processes are influenced by the competition among unconscious forces to come into awareness.

28
Q

what is behaviourism?

A

psychology should only be studied on observable behaviours

29
Q

what did behaviourists tend to focus on?

A

stimuli and responses

30
Q

what idea did behaviourism bring on?

A

conditioning (associate stimuli with each other and respond the same way)

31
Q

who was a functionalist that helped transition psychology toward that animal findings could help explain human behaviour?

A

Edward thorndike

32
Q

who is credited with pioneering the school of behaviourism?

A

John Watson

33
Q

what did BF skinner observe?

A

internal and mental processes may be at work when observing behaviourism.

34
Q

what is a central idea of behaviourism?

A

consequence resulting from a behaviour

35
Q

how does punishment differ from reinforcement?

A

punishment causes the decrease of an action to be preformed again, while reinforcement increases the likely of a response

36
Q

what is humanistic psychology?

A

gave grater prominence to special and unique features to human functioning.

37
Q

who were the founding humanistic theorists?

A

carl rogers and abraham maslow

38
Q

what does humanism focus on?

A

potential of individuals, conciousness, free will and personality

39
Q

what theory did carl rogers develop?

A

client centred theory, help clients experience positive regard, clients are equals

40
Q

what is cognitive psychology?

A 
mental processes as forms of information processing, 
ulric neisser (information processing)
41
Q

what is cultural psychology?

A

how cultural practices shape behaviour and influence human behaviour

42
Q

what is cross-cultural psychology?

A

what is generally universal about humans regardless of cultural

43
Q

who developed cell assembly?

A

Donald hebb

44
Q

what is behavioural genetics?

A

subfield of psychology that looks at genes on the influence of human behaviour

45
Q

what are social biologists?

A

humans have an innate concept of how social behaviour should be organized

46
Q

what is evolutionary psychology?

A

how evolution has shaped the body and brain through our genes and environment

47
Q

what are the 6 major perspectives in psychology today?

A

psychoanalytic, behaviourist, cognitive, evolutionary, humanist, neuroscience

48
Q

which theorist is most likely associated with psychoanalytic theory?

A

Freud

49
Q

what are the three current branches of psychology?

A

academic, clinical and counceling, applied psycology

50
Q

what does academic psychology involve?

A

research and instrution

51
Q

what is applied psychology?

A

applying psychological principles to practical problems

52
Q

what is clinical and councelling psychology?

A

helps individuals to cope more effectively and overcome abnormal functioning

53
Q

what are the main shared values of psychology?

A

theory driven, empirical, multi level, contextual

54
Q

what does cultural psychology divide in?

A

collectivist and individualist

55
Q

what is the difference betweencollectivist and individualist

A

focuses on needs of group, wants or desires of person rather than group

56
Q

what is cognitive neuroscience?

A

mental processes and how they relate to the functions of the brain

57
Q

what is social neuroscience?

A

social functioning and how it relates to brain activity

PS101 Midterm 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions