Chapter 16 Flashcards
What is culture-bound?
Theory and data conditioned by a specific cultural background.
What is culture blind?
Theory and data untested outside the host culture.
What is etic-emic distinction?
Contrast between psychological constructs that are relatively culture-universal (could be emic if we find a culture where this does not apply) and those that are relatively culture-specific (could become etic if found in diverse cultures).
What is a subculture of violence?
A subgroup of society in which a higher level of violence is accepted as the norm.
What is a culture of honour?
A culture that endorses male violence as a way of addressing threats to social reputation or economic position.
What is machismo?
A code in which challenges, abuse and even differences of opinion must be met with fists or other weapons.
What is the independent self?
A self that is relatively separate, internal and unique.
What is the interdependent self?
A self that is relatively dependent on social relations and has more fuzzy boundaries.
What is acculturation?
The process whereby individuals learn about the rules of behaviour that are characteristic of another culture.
What is a social support network?
People who know and care about us and who can provide back-up during a time of stress.
What is culture?
A social system, set of cognitions and practices that is characterised by the shared meanings and specific social group that are attributed to people and events by its members and distinguishes it from others.
What is a specific social group?
Social collectives of all sizes, including family, work groups, organisations etc.
What is WEIRD?
Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic. They may not be representative of the whole human population
How do cultures of honour emerge?
In harsh environments, where cooperation and loyalty are necessary for survival and when there is an absence of reliable institutions and effective authorities to deliver “justice”
What are the four dimensions to categorise cultures?
- Individualism- collectivism
- Masculinity-feminity
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Long-short term orientation
- Power distance - egalitarian or hierarchical
How might cultural diversity be viewed as a problem?
Ethnic prejudice/discrimination, feelings of national and cultural identity threat (conservatism, populist nationalism etc). However, diversity is beneficial for society if done right. It broadens world views, increases creativity, reduces prejudice.
What is the migrants dilemma?
Whether you should maintain your social identity defined by your home culture or adapt to your host culture?
What is acculturation?
The process of internalising behavioural rules of another culture
What are the four routes to acculturation?
- Seperation - maintain home culture/reject host culture
- Integration (best for immigrant) - maintain home culture/adopt host culture
- Marginalisation - abandon home culture/reject host culture
- Assimilation - abandon home culture/adopt host culture
What is the multicultural challenge?
- Assimilation - Total assimilation: minorities abandon heritage to adopt to host culture. Melting pot: minorities assimilate and may modify host culture
- Cultural pluralism - Laissez-faire: cultural diversity persists without planning. Active: cultural diversity exists through planning.
