Chapter 16

Question 1

What are insight therapies?

Answer 1

Therapies that involve dialogue between client and therapist to gain understanding of psychological problems and conflicts.

Question 2

What do psychodynamic therapies emphasize?

Answer 2

The need to discover and resolve unconscious conflicts.

Question 3

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis is a therapy developed by Sigmund Freud that focuses on uncovering unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories, often from childhood, to understand and resolve psychological issues. It uses techniques like free association and dream interpretation to explore the mind.

Question 4

What is free association?

Answer 4

Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis where a person is encouraged to speak freely about whatever comes to mind, without censorship or judgment. The goal is to uncover unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories that may be influencing their behavior or emotions.

Question 5

What is dream analysis?

Answer 5

A technique used in psychoanalysis to interpret dreams for unconscious content.

Question 6

What can discovering unconscious conflicts lead to?

Answer 6

Discomfort, resistance, and transference.

Question 7

What is resistance in therapy?

Answer 7

Strategies to keep information from fully manifesting.

Question 8

What is transference?

Answer 8

Directing emotional experiences towards the therapist.

Question 9

What is object relations therapy?

Answer 9

A modern psychodynamic therapy influenced by Freud’s work, focusing on how early relationships, particularly with caregivers, shape a person’s current relationships and sense of self. It helps address unhealthy patterns and improve interpersonal dynamics.

Question 10

What do behavioral therapies focus on?

Answer 10

Changing problem behaviors and thoughts, and the environmental factors that trigger them.

Question 11

What is systematic desensitization? Vrs Flooding

Answer 11

A step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience.

Intense and immediate exposure

Question 12

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Answer 12

A therapy that combines cognitive restructuring and behavior modification to treat disorders.

Question 13

What is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

Answer 13

An integration of meditation and CBT that focuses on developing a relationship with oneself.

Question 14

What is group therapy?

Answer 14

A less expensive form of therapy organized to fit needs and encourages viewing symptoms as influenced by various interacting systems.

Question 15

What are psychotropic drugs?
What is Psychopharmacotherapy:

Answer 15

Medications designed to alter psychological functioning.

refers to the use of drugs to manage or reduce client’s
symptoms

Question 16

What are the three types of antidepressants?

Answer 16

1. SSRIs: Increase serotonin availability. 2. Tricyclics: Increase serotonin and norepinephrine. 3. MAOIs: Prevent breakdown of neurotransmitters.

Question 17

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 17

Tardive Dyskinesia is a neurological condition caused by long-term use of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often affecting the face (e.g., lip smacking, grimacing) and limbs. It is typically irreversible and requires careful management or medication changes.

Question 18

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Answer 18

A treatment that induces brief brain seizures to alleviate severe depression.

Question 19

What is the therapeutic alliance?

Answer 19

The collaborative bond between therapist and client, associated with better treatment outcomes.

Question 20

What is bibliotherapy?

Answer 20

Using self-help books or written materials as therapeutic tools.

Question 21

What is community psychology?

Answer 21

A field focusing on preventing psychological disorders and promoting mental health through community-based interventions.

Question 22

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 22

A protective layer that controls which substances can enter the brain.

Question 23

Clinical Psychologist vs. Counseling Psychologist

Answer 23

• Clinical Psychologist: Focuses on diagnosing and treating severe psychological disorders.
• Counseling Psychologist: Deals with less severe issues, such as relationship problems and life transitions.

Question 24

Techniques of Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 24

1. Free Association: Saying whatever comes to mind.
   
   2. Dream Analysis: Interpreting dreams for unconscious content.
   3. Transference: Exploring feelings toward the therapist.
   4. Resistance Analysis: Identifying avoided topics

Question 25

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 25

• Focuses on understanding a client’s subjective experience.

Question 26

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 26

• Pairing unwanted behaviors (e.g., smoking) with unpleasant stimuli to reduce the behavior.

Question 27

Behavioral techniques are therapeutic strategies used to change unhealthy or unwanted behaviors. They focus on observable actions and use learning principles to promote positive changes. Common techniques include:

Answer 27

Flooding: Client is taking directly into the feared situation until anxiety subsides

1.	Positive Reinforcement:
2.	Negative Reinforcement:
3.	Punishment:

4.	Systematic Desensitization: Gradual exposure to a feared object or situation while practicing relaxation techniques.
•	Example: Overcoming fear of spiders step by step.

5.	Aversion Therapy: Pairing unwanted behaviors with unpleasant stimuli.
/- Counterconditioning: Pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicit a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response. Unlearning something

6.	Modeling: Learning through observing and imitating others.
•	Example: Watching someone handle social interactions confidently.

7.	Behavioral Activation: Encouraging engagement in positive activities to improve mood.
•	Example: Scheduling enjoyable or meaningful activities for someone with depression.

These techniques are often used in therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Question 28

Antipsychotic Drugs symptoms and side effects

Answer 28

• Symptoms of psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and severely disturbed or
  disorganized thought
• Side effects: muscular rigidity, tremors, involuntary muscle movements like tardive
  dyskinesi