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APES > Chapter 16-17 vocab cards > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17 vocab cards Flashcards

1
Q

30-98% carbon by weight, could have sulfur contaminants. Remains of plants crushed into sedimentary rock.

A

Coal

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2
Q

Crude heavy oil extracted from tar sands that’s upgraded to Synthetic fuel

A

Bitumen

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3
Q

Nuclear fission reactor that produces more nuclear fuel than it consumes by converting uranium into plutonium

A

Breeder nuclear fission reactor

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4
Q

Conversion of solid coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG).

A

Coal gasification

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5
Q

Conversion of solid coal to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel (such as synthetic gasoline or methanol)

A

coal liquification

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6
Q

Extracted from underground deposits, turned into heating oil and tar. Mostly made of hydrocarbons

A

crude oil

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7
Q

Isotope that can split apart when hit by a neutron at the right speed and thus undergo nuclear fission (U-235, P-239)

A

Fissionable isotope

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8
Q

Found in shale rock, mixture of hydrocarbons

A

kerogen

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9
Q

Electrical unit, 1000 watts

A

Kilowatt

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10
Q

Natural gas converted to liquid form by cooling to a very low temperature.

A

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

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11
Q

Mix of propane and butane, a fuel

A

Liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG)

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12
Q

The melting of the core of a nuclear reactor.

A

Meltdown

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13
Q

Underground deposits of gases consisting mostly of methane

A

Natural gases

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14
Q

Total amount of useful energy available from an energy resource or energy system over its lifetime minus energy used and minus waste

A

Net energy

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15
Q

Energy released when atomic nuclei undergo a nuclear reaction such as the spontaneous emission of radioactivity, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion.

A

Nuclear energy

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16
Q

Heavy isotopes split into lighter isotopes when struck by a neutron.

A

Nuclear fission

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17
Q

2 nuclei of low mass are forced together to form a heavier nucleus (high energy)

A

Nuclear fusion

18
Q

Mix of clay, sand, water, and bitumen.

A

Oil/tar sands

19
Q

How is bitumen extracted?

A

Heating

20
Q

Fine grained rock containing various amounts of kerogen

A

Oil shale

21
Q

Chemicals obtained by refining crude oil

A

Petrochemicals

22
Q

Waste products of nuclear products

A

Radioactive waste

23
Q

heavy oil obtained when kerogen in oil shale is vaporized, then condensed.

A

Shale oil

24
Q

Synthetic gases and fuels produced from solid coal or sources OTHER than natural gas or crude oil

A

SNG/ Synthetic natural gas

25
Q

Impurities removed when minerals are separated from metals in ore

A

Tailings

26
Q

Electrical power unit

A

Watt

27
Q

Solar collectors, uses pumps to transfer captured heat to storage

A

Active solar heating system

28
Q

Gas or liquid fuel (such as ethyl alcohol) made from plant material (biomass).

A

Biofuel

29
Q

Production of two useful forms of energy from the same source (ex: heat + electricity)

A

Cogeneration/combined heat and power

30
Q

Reducing or eliminating the unnecessary waste of energy.

A

Energy conservation

31
Q

Percentage of the total energy input that does useful work and is not converted into useless heat

A

Energy efficiency

32
Q

Heat transferred from the earth’s underground concentrations of steam

A

geothermal

33
Q

Water pushes turbines, creates energy

A

hydroelectric power plant

34
Q

Electrical energy produced by falling or flowing water.

A

Hydropower

35
Q

Kilowatt

A

1000 watts

36
Q

Initial cost plus lifetime operating costs of an economic good.

A

Life cycle cost

37
Q

Systems of small-scale decentralized units that generate 1-10,000 kilowatts of electricity

A

Micropower systems

38
Q

System that captures sunlight directly within a structure and converts it into heat

A

Passive solar heating

39
Q

Device that converts radiant (solar) energy directly into electrical energy.

A

Photovoltaic/solar cell

40
Q

Device for collecting radiant energy from the sun and converting it into heat

A

Solar collector

41
Q

House that is heavily insulated and extremely airtight

A

Superinsulated house

42
Q

Cluster of wind turbines that capture wind and turn it into energy

A

Wind farm

APES (10 decks)

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