chapter 16 Flashcards
delirium
Rapid-onset reduced clarity of consciousness and cognition, with confusion, disorientation, and deficits in memory and language.
Major neurocognitive disorder
Gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgment, language, and other advanced cognitive processes.
Timmy’s grandmother does not recognize her own home anymore.
agnosia
She can no longer form complete, coherent sentences
aphasia
She no longer recognizes Timmy when he visits, even though he is her only grandchild
facial agnosia
She has trouble walking from a bed to the bathroom.
apraxia
she has trouble walking from a bed to the bathroom
apraxia
Vascular neurocognitive disorder
Progressive brain disorder involving loss of cognitive functioning, caused by blockage of blood flow to the brain, that appears concurrently with other neurological signs and symptoms.
Pick’s disease
Very rare neurological disorder that results in presenile (early onset) dementia.
Very rare neurological disorder that results in presenile (early onset) dementia.
Very rare neurological disorder that results in presenile (early onset) dementia.
neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease
Disorder characterized by progressive decline in motor movements; results from damage to dopamine pathways.
human immunodeficiency virus-type-1
Virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and can also cause neurocognitive disorder.
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Final stage of disease caused by HIV, which attacks and destroys the immune system.
Huntington’s disease
Genetic disorder marked by involuntary limb movements and progressing to dementia.
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Extremely rare condition that causes dementia.
Julian is recovering from long-term alcohol misuse. When asked about his wild adventures as a young man, his stories usually end quickly because he can’t remember the whole tale. He even has to write down things he has to do in a notebook; otherwise, he’s likely to forget
substance-induced neurocognitive disorder
substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder
Brain damage caused by prolonged use of drugs, often in combination with a poor diet.
Mr. Brown has suffered from a number of strokes but can still care for himself. His ability to remember important things, however, has been declining steadily for the past few years.
vascular neurocognitive disorder
A decline in cognitive functioning that is gradual and continuous and has been associated with neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.
neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease
What makes neurocognitive disorder different?
They present later in life as opposed to other disorders which have much earlier onsets or are present at birth
what are two major indicators of delirium?
impairments in speech and memory
What are some other factors associated with delirium? (3)
age, sleep deprivation, excessive stress
What is the first step of delirium treatment?
to find the underlying cause, (ex; if it’s withdrawal then the treatment will coincide with withdrawal treatment)
How do family play a part in the treatment of delirium?
having a family member included in the treatment process has shown to help greatly, even pictures or personal belongings can help
What is the difference between major and mild neurocognitive disorder?
mild is the early stages of cognitive decline, people with mild can function on a day to day with the proper accommodations
What are some common causes of mild and major neurocognitive disorder? (6)
infectious disease (HIV & Syphilis), head injury, poisonous substances, parkinson’s, huntington’s, alzheimers (most common)
What is the sex ratio for neurocognitive disorders?
2/3 are women
neurocognitive disorder with Alzheimers affects what? (4)
neurocognitive disorder with Alzheimers affects what? (4)
Explain this
memory, orientation, judgment and reasoning
How do people with neurocognitive disorder with alzheimer process new information?
badly, they have trouble making connections, forget events and objects
what is vascular neurocognitive disorder?
very debilitating second only to alzheimers, when blood vessels cannot adequately carry oxygen which results in brain damage, patients often have strokes that precede their diagnosis
what is neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease?
Lewy bodies are deposits of a protein that damages brain cells over time
what is neurocognitive disorder due to parkinson’s?
Parkinson’s affects motor skills, these could be slow movements or tremors, weakened voice skills
What do genes tell us about the likelihood of developing alzheimers?
deterministic genes tell that we will 100% develop alzheimers eventually, susceptibility genes tell us that our risk of development is increased
Since “getting better” with neurocognitive disorder is not really a thing, what are the goal of researchers when looking for treatments ? (3
1- prevention, 2 - delay onset, 3 - help family cope with deterioration
Delirium is typically
A temporary state of confusion and disorientation
Which of the following is NOT a common consequence of neurocognitive disorders?
Full recovery of cognitive abilities
Which of the following is true regarding treatment for irreversible neurocognitive disorders?
There is no effective treatment for Alzheimer’s or other similar neurocognitive disorders.
Mild neurocognitive disorder involves significant interference with a person’s daily life.
true
Lewy bodies, vascular disease, and Huntington’s disease can all cause irreversible neurocognitive disorders.
true
Delirium is always caused by brain trauma or drug intoxication.
false
Families and caregivers of individuals with neurocognitive disorders often experience stress as a result of behavioral changes in the patient.
true
