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Radiographic Positioning > Chapter 15 Trauma, mobile, surgical radiography > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Trauma, mobile, surgical radiography Flashcards

1
Q

ACL

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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2
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Stiffening of a joint by operative means

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3
Q

Arthropathy

A

Any disease that affects a joint

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4
Q

Arthroplasty

A

creation of an artificial joint to correct ankylosis

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5
Q

Asepsis

A

state of sterility

condition in which living pathogens are absent

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6
Q

Cancellous screw

A

Orthopedic screw designed to enter and fix porous and spongy bone

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7
Q

Cannulated screw

A

large screw used for internal fixation of non-displaced fractures of proximal femur

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8
Q

Cardiac pacemaker

A

an artificial regulator for cardiac rate and rhythm

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9
Q

Cerclage wire

A

orthopedic wire that tightens around fracture site to reduce shortening of limb

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10
Q

Cesium implants

A

used of radioactive cesium in the treatment of certain malignancies including prostate cancer

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11
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder

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12
Q

Closed reduction

A

procedure in which bone fragments are reduced manually without surgical intervention

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13
Q

Cortical screw

A

narrow orthopedic screw designed to enter and fix cortical bone

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14
Q

CR

A

closed reduction (cast or traction)

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15
Q

Cystoscope

A

lighted tubular endoscope used for examination of urinary bladder

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16
Q

DHS

A

dynamic hip screw

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17
Q

Dynamic compression plate

A

screw and plate combination used to apply forces through the fracture site;
used commonly for long bone shaft fractures in which stress may be great

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18
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

electrohydraulic shock waves used to break apart calcifications in the urinary system

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19
Q

Ex-fix

A

External fixation

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20
Q

Fracture (orthopedic) table

A

special OR table used for hip pinnings and other orthopedic procedures to provide traction to the involved limb and allow fluoroscopy to be performed during the procedure

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21
Q

Hip pinning

A

surgical procedure designed to reduce proximal femoral fractures through the use of various internal fixation devices

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22
Q

HTO

A

High tibial osteotomy

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23
Q

Illizarov technique

A

procedure in which a special external fixator is used to lengthen long bones as treatment for severe fracture or congenital deformity

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24
Q

IM nail

A

intramedullary nail

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25
Q

Interbody bone fusion device

A

titanium or other alloy cage filled with bone and inserted between the vertebral bodies to maintain disk space height and permit fusion of the intervertebral joint

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26
Q

Intramedullary rod

A

a flexible or rigid device placed within the medullary cavity to reduce a fracture or stabilize a diseased long bone

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27
Q

Kirschner wire K-wire

A

unthreaded (smooth) or threaded metallic wire used to reduce fractures of the wrist (carpals) and individual bones of the hands and feet;
also may be used for skeletal traction

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28
Q

Laminectomy

A

surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement by removing an aspect of the lamina in the vertebral arch
Laminectomy can be performed on cervical in an anterior approach (pt is supine) or lumbar regions in a posterior approach (pt is prone).

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29
Q

Laminotomy

A

surgical opening into one or more laminae of the vertebral arch

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30
Q

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

use of a special endoscopic device to visualize and assist with surgical removal of the gallbladder

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31
Q

Lithotripsy

A

crushing of calcification in the renal pelvis, ureter, or urinary bladder by mechanical force or sound waves

32
Q

Microdiskectomy

A

microsurgical procedure performed on the spine to remove bony fragments or disk material that may be causing neural impingement

33
Q

Neural impingement

A

condition in which bony changes or a herniated disk produces impingement of the spinal nerves that pass through the vertebral arch of the vertebrae

34
Q

Open reduction

A

reduction of fracture fragments through surgical intervention

35
Q

Operative (immediate) cholangiography

A

Radiographic procedure performed during surgery to visualize and locate undetected stones or obstructions within the biliary ducts

36
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction with internal fixation

37
Q

PCL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

38
Q

Prosthesis

A

Fabricated (artificial) substitute for a diseased or missing anatomic part

39
Q

Reduce

A

To align two bone fragments in the correct position as treatment for a fracture, as applied in orthopedic medicine

40
Q

Retrograde urography

A

a nonfunctional examination of the urinary system during which contrast media is introduced directly retrograde (backward, against the flow) into the pelvicalyceal system via catherization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure. At least 3 images are obtained. First a scout film. Second is a pyelogram. Third radiograph is a ureterogram.

41
Q

Semitubular plate

A

flexible and thin orthopedic plate used to fix and connect fractures

42
Q

Shower Curtain

A

an isolation drape that seperates the sterile field from the nonsterile environment; often used to permit the use of C arm fluoroscopy during a hip pinning procedure

43
Q

Spinal fusion

A

surgical fusion of one vertebra to another, which stabilizes them following laminectomy or as treatment for a degenerative condition or fracture

44
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

condition caused by degenerative changes that result in enlargement of the facet joints, which often leads to impingement of the spinal nerves that pass by them.

45
Q

Strike-through

A

soaking of moisture through a sterile or nonsterile drape, cover, or protective barrier, permitting bacteria to reach sterile areas

46
Q

THR, THA

A

Total hip replacement, total hip appliance

47
Q

TKR, TKA

A

Total knee replacement, total knee appliance

48
Q

Total Joint Arthroplasty

A

the use of artificial joint implants to restore motion and function of a joint-
for example, total hip replacement is common orthopedic procedure performed on patients with degenerative joint disease (e.g. avascular necrosis or proximal femur)

49
Q

Traction

A

process of putting a limb, bone, or group of muscles under tension with the use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize the part

50
Q

Computer Radiography

A

well suited for trauma
wide exposure lattitudes
ability to transfer images electronically

51
Q

Close collimation & accurate centering in trauma

A

eliminates primary beam interaction w/ artifacts

reduce scatter radiation

52
Q

Trauma Radiography

A

performed with conventional overhead tube

mobile (portable units

53
Q

Types of mobile systems

A

battery driven, batter operated
standard power, non-motor driven
mobile c arm digital fluoroscopy

54
Q

common procedures w/ c arm

A

cholangiography
open/closed fx reduction
hip pinning

55
Q

C arm image orientation

A

required each time it is set up for use

56
Q

Vertical Posteroanterior projection c arm

A

if patient is supine tube located under patient w/image intensifier on top
minimizes exposure to neck and face

57
Q

Which C arm position poses up to 100 times more dose to eyes of operator?

A

Vertical AP Projection C arm

58
Q

What is the primary source of exposure to fluoroscopy staff?

A

scatter radiation frompatient

59
Q

Trauma Horizontal beam w/ questionable spinal injury

A

Head and neck cannot be moved or elevated
no supportive sponge use
place IR below level of tabletop and move patient to edge of table to avoid cut off of posterior skull from beam divergence

60
Q

Safety in trauma situations

A

always raise patient bed rails even if they were not originally up
all equipment returned to original location
no exposure should ever be taken with an unshielded person in the vicinity of primary beam

61
Q

Alternative Imaging Modalities

Computed Tomography

A

increase speed

three dimensional reconstruction (useful in assessing skull trauma)

62
Q

Sonography

A

Early assessment trauma patients experienced blunt abdominal injury
detect free fluid or blood in abdomen
modality of choice in trauma of female reproductive system

63
Q

Nuclear Medicine

A

pulmonary embolus, testicular tortion, and gastrointestinal bleeding
blood flow assessed through radionuclide injection

64
Q

Angiography

A

used when study indicates aortic arch trauma

64
Q

Blowout/tripod fx

A

Direct blow to the orbit, maxilla, and or zygoma creates fx of orbital floor

65
Q

Epiphyseal fx

A

Fracture through epiphyseal plate. Most easily fx sites of long bones in children.

67
Q

Tuft/burst fx

A

Comminuted fx if distal phalanx caused by crushing blow to distal finger or thumb.

68
Q

C arm placement with tube in vertical AP position

A

can increase OID

69
Q

Cine Loop images

A

images recorded in rapid succession while contrast medium is injected and displayed as a moving (cine) image.

70
Q

snapshot/digital spot mode

A

activates a digital spot which results in a higher quality computer-enhanced image as compared to held fluoro images.

71
Q

Digital spot film

A

acquires a single static radiographic image w/low radiation dose.

72
Q

.5 mm lead apron

A

reduces exposure by a factor of 50 or more over the diagnostic x ray energy range

73
Q

Boost Feature Fluoroscopy

A

provides brighter image for patient with large body habitus. Also increases radiation (mA) exposure to pt. and surgical team 3-4 x’s that of standard fluoro

74
Q

Which method is preferred with C arm use AEC or Manual?

A

AEC

74
Q

Operative Cholangiography

A

2-3 images are obtained in slightly different positions. AP, slight RPO, and slight LPO

75
Q

Three principals when performing trauma or mobile radiography

A

Two projections 90 degrees to each other
Entire structure or trauma are on IR
Maintain safety of patient, health care providers, and public

Radiographic Positioning (16 decks)

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