Chapter 12 Contrast Pathology Flashcards
Zencker’s Diverticula
found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus
Diverticula
pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat
Traction Diverticulum
involves all layers of the esophagus and results from adjacent scar tissue that pulls the esophagus toward the area of involvement. Occurs more frequently in the middle third of the esophagus.
Esophageal Varices
abnormally dilated veins in the distal esophagus- often seen with acute liver disease. Best demonstrated recumbent for more complete filling of the veins.
Esophageal Reflux
gastric contents return back through the gastric orifice and irritate the lining of the esophagus
Cleft Palate
congenital anomaly where the roof of the mouth is open which allows food & fluid to pass into the nose
Esophageal Atresia
congenital abnormality where the esophagus fails to fully develop- symptoms seen soon after birth. (choking, gagging, dyspnea, cyanosis) surgery done to correct defect.
Pyloric Stenosis
congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter.
Hiatal Hernia
Protrusion of any structure (especially some portion of the stomach) into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.
Gastric/Peptic Ulcer
erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach- may be severe enough to cause a perforation of the wall resulting in severe bleeding. Mild cases controlled by diet- chronic may require surgery.
Gastritis
inflammation of the stomach mucosa
Situs Inversus/Transposition
complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and/or abdomen
Bezoar
mass of undigested material that gets trapped in the stomach- usually made up of hair, vegetable fibers or wood products. Material builds up and may form an obstruction in time
Polyp
small mass growing from the mucosal wall- may be either cancerous or benign
Achalasia
neuromuscular disorder of the esophagus which results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. Results in dilation of the esophagus
Schatzke’s Ring
a type of hiatal hernia where the esophagogastric junction has herniated through the diaphragmatic opening
Contrast Media
substance that attenuates (absorbs) the x-ray beam to a different degree than the surrounding tissue. Radiolucent (negative) means that x-rays are easily transmitted through it and appear dark on radiographs. Radiopaque (positive) means that x-rays are absorbed by them and appear light on radiographs. Both positive and negative contrast agents may be used together so that the lumen of organs can be visualized or so that anatomic structures within a space (such as menisci of knee) can be visualized.
Contraindications
factors of a patient’s history or present status that indicates that a medical procedure should not be performed or that a medication should not be given
Solution
dosage form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier. Usually rapidly absorbed and may be administered orally or parenterally (injection with a needle and syringe beneath the skin surface)Suspension
Suspension
dosage form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier. Most are administered orally and should be shaken thoroughly just before being given. They should NEVER be administered intravenously.`
Fluoroscope
device used for examining deep structures by means of x-rays; consists of a screen covered with crystals on which are projected the shadows of x-rays passing through the body situated between the screen and the source of irradiation
Spot film device
equipment that permits the radiologist to obtain static radiographs during a dynamic fluoroscopic examination
Gastrectomy
surgical removal of part or all of the stomach
Deglutition
Act of swallowing
Mastication
act of chewing
Peristalsis
the contractive waves of the digestive system. Aids in the transport of food.
Cholelith
gallstones
Cholelithiasis (Biliary Calculi)
condition of having gallstones. Increased levels of bilirubin, calcium, or cholesterol may lead to the formation of stones. Occur more often in females & often occur after childbirth.
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder- usually related to the presence of stones within the gallbladder.
Biliary Stenosis
narrowing of one of the biliary ducts. Cholecystitis may result from biliary stenosis.
Congenital Anomalies
conditions that the patient possesses at birth. Most are benign but may affect the production, storage or release of bile
Neoplasms
new growths- may be benign or malignant- if malignant, it may spread to the liver, pancreas or GI tract
Cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder surgically- usually related to the presence of choleliths
Porcelain GB
extensive calcification in the wall of the GB which forms an oval density that corresponds to the size and shape of the GB. The term reflects the blue discoloration and brittle consistency of the GB wall. Extensive calcification indicates possible cancer.
Choleography
examination of the GB and the ducts. General name for all types of choleangiography.
Cholecystogogue
agent which promotes contraction of the GB- not a contrast agent
Cholecystopaque
any contrast media used for GB visualization
