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GENE 3200 Test 1 > Chapter 15- Translation > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Neurospora crassa can grow on minimal media because it is self-feeding and can synthesize all biological molecules

A

Prototrophic

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2
Q

This mutant Neurospora cannot grow in minimal media due to defects in specific biosynthetic pathways

A

Auxotrophic

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3
Q

The part of the amino acid that is unique to each amino acid

A

Radical (R) Group

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4
Q

The two parts of an amino acid that are the same for all amino acids

A

Amino group and Carboxyl group

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5
Q

The bond type that is formed between the amino acids during translation

A

Peptide bond

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6
Q

The terminus that corresponds to the 5’ end of the mRNA, that has the amino group

A

N-terminus

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7
Q

The terminus that corresponds to the 3’ end of the mRNA, has the carboxyl group

A

C-terminus

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8
Q

The level of protein structure that is determined by the codons in the mRNA

A

Primary Structure

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9
Q

The level of protein structure that is determined by the interactions between different amino acids

A

Secondary Structure

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10
Q

The level of protein structure that is determined by interactions between different domains of secondary structure

A

Tertiary Structure

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11
Q

The level of protein structure that is determined by the association of two or more polypeptides

A

Quaternary Structure

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12
Q

The codons that encode amino acids, doesn’t include the stop codon

A

Sense codon

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13
Q

The characteristic of codons that means it each codon only specifies one amino acid

A

Unambiguous

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14
Q

The characteristic of codons that means the reading frame is set by the first codon used in translation

A

Non-overlapping

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15
Q

The characteristic of codons that means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon

A

Degenerate (redundant)

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16
Q

The characteristic of codons that means the same codons are used in nearly all organisms

A

Nearly Universal

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17
Q

Codons that specify the same amino acid

A

Synonymous codons

18
Q

Different tRNAs that carry the same amino acids but have different anticodons

A

Isoaccepting tRNAs

19
Q

The stop codons

A

UGA, UAA, UAG

20
Q

The start codon

A

AUG

21
Q

The non-overlapping reading of triple nucleotide sequence

A

Reading Frame

22
Q

A DNA sequence with a long stretch of codons in the same reading frame that is not interrupted by stop codons, suggests the presence of a gene

A

Open Reading Frame

23
Q

The protein that catalyzes the addition of the correct amino acid to the 3’ end of a tRNA by recognizing certain positions that differ on different tRNA molecules

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (tRNA synthetases)

24
Q

The length of a tRNA

A

80 nt

25
Q

A tRNa before an amino acid is added

A

Uncharged tRNA

26
Q

A tRNA after an amino acid is added to is by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

A

Charged tRNA

27
Q

The part of the large ribosomal subunit that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

A

Peptidyl Transferase

28
Q

The part of the ribsome that has peptidyl transferase activity

A

Large subunit

29
Q

The part of the ribosome that bind to mRNA

A

Small subunit

30
Q

The 5’ side of the codon, where the uncharged tRNA exits

A

Exit (E) site

31
Q

The site where new peptide bonds are formed between the growing polypeptide and the amino acid in the A site

A

Peptidyl (P) site

32
Q

The 3’ side of the ribosome, that accepts charged tRNA

A

Aminoacyl (A) site

33
Q

The assembly of ribosome subunits at the start codon (AUG) for translation

A

Initation

34
Q

The sequential addition of amino acids to the C-terminus of a growing polypeptide, where ribosomes move 5’’ to 3’ along mRNA

A

Elongation

35
Q

When polypeptide synthesis stops at the sop codons that are in from with the start codon, required release factors

A

Termination

36
Q

In bacteria, the methionine of the initiator tRNA is

A

formylated (f-Met)

37
Q

The sequence complementary to part of the 16S rRNA sequence in bacteria, part of initiation of translation

A

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

38
Q

The first step of initiation of translation in bacteria, where the small subunit and an IF bind to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, and tRNAfMet is positioned on the AUG

A

Formation of the 30S initiation complex

39
Q

The second step of initiation of translation in bacteria, when all IFs dissociate, GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, and the large subunit joins the 30S complex

A

Formation of the 70S initiation complex

40
Q

A sequence that can determine which start codon is the initiator in eukaryotes

A

Kozak sequence

41
Q

The part of the first step in the elongation stage of translation, which a charged tRNA is bound to when it enters the A site

A

Elongation factor (EF)

42
Q

mRNA in the process of being translated by multiple ribosomes

A

Polyribosome

GENE 3200 Test 1 (5 decks)

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