Chapter 13- Transcription Flashcards
These in an RNA sequence can form intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which makes secondary structures
Inverted Repeats
These are two types of RNA secondary structure
Hairpins and Stem-loops
A type of RNA found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that is found in the structural and functional components of a ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
A type of RNA found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that carries the genetic code for proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A type of RNA fund in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that helps incorporate amino acids into the polypeptide chain
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
A type of RNA found in eukaryotes that plays a role in processing of pre mRNA
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
A type of RNA found in eukaryotes that inhibits translation of mRNA
MicroRNA (miRNA)
The DNA strand that is transcribed to create an RNA,
Noncoding (template) strand
The DNA strand that is not directly used in transcription, but is a copy of the produced RNA (with thymine instead of uracil)
Coding (nontemplate) strand
The sequence that determines where transcription initiates but is not part of the transcribed sequence
Promoter
The transcription start site
+1
The most common base (or amino acid) sequence found at a specific location or alignment in DNA (or in a domain of a protein), part of the promoter
Consensus sequence
-35 consensus sequence
TTGACA
-10 consensus sequence
TATAAT
The combination of the core RNA polymerase and the sigma factor, binds to the promoter to initiate RNA synthesis
RNA polymerase holoenzyme
The 18 nt of unwound DNA where transcription occurs, and where 8-10 nt of newly-synthesized RNA form complementary base pairs with the template DNA
Transcription Bubble
The type of eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes large rRNAs
RNA Polymerase I
The type of eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, and some miRNAs (the main one)
RNA Polymerase II
The eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes tRNAs, small rRNA, some snRNAs, and some miRNAs
RNA Polymerase III
The site for assembly of the basal transcription apparatus in eukaryotes, contains at least one consensus sequence
Core Promoter
The most common consensus sequence in the core promoter, at -25
TATA box (TATAAA)
The binding sites for transcriptional activator proteins
Regulatory promoter
The proteins that mediate high levels of transcription, which bind to specific regulatory promoters and interact with more distant enhancers
Transcriptional activator proteins
The general transcription factor that contains TBP
TFIID
The TATA binding protein
TBP
11-15 bp of DNA unwound and positioned within active site of RNA polymerase
Open Complex
