Chapter 13- Transcription

Question 1

These in an RNA sequence can form intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which makes secondary structures

Answer 1

Inverted Repeats

Question 2

These are two types of RNA secondary structure

Answer 2

Hairpins and Stem-loops

Question 3

A type of RNA found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that is found in the structural and functional components of a ribosome

Answer 3

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 4

A type of RNA found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that carries the genetic code for proteins

Answer 4

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 5

A type of RNA fund in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that helps incorporate amino acids into the polypeptide chain

Answer 5

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 6

A type of RNA found in eukaryotes that plays a role in processing of pre mRNA

Answer 6

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)

Question 7

A type of RNA found in eukaryotes that inhibits translation of mRNA

Answer 7

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Question 8

The DNA strand that is transcribed to create an RNA,

Answer 8

Noncoding (template) strand

Question 9

The DNA strand that is not directly used in transcription, but is a copy of the produced RNA (with thymine instead of uracil)

Answer 9

Coding (nontemplate) strand

Question 10

The sequence that determines where transcription initiates but is not part of the transcribed sequence

Answer 10

Promoter

Question 11

The transcription start site

Answer 11

+1

Question 12

The most common base (or amino acid) sequence found at a specific location or alignment in DNA (or in a domain of a protein), part of the promoter

Answer 12

Consensus sequence

Question 13

-35 consensus sequence

Answer 13

TTGACA

Question 14

-10 consensus sequence

Answer 14

TATAAT

Question 15

The combination of the core RNA polymerase and the sigma factor, binds to the promoter to initiate RNA synthesis

Answer 15

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

Question 16

The 18 nt of unwound DNA where transcription occurs, and where 8-10 nt of newly-synthesized RNA form complementary base pairs with the template DNA

Answer 16

Transcription Bubble

Question 17

The type of eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes large rRNAs

Answer 17

RNA Polymerase I

Question 18

The type of eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, and some miRNAs (the main one)

Answer 18

RNA Polymerase II

Question 19

The eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes tRNAs, small rRNA, some snRNAs, and some miRNAs

Answer 19

RNA Polymerase III

Question 20

The site for assembly of the basal transcription apparatus in eukaryotes, contains at least one consensus sequence

Answer 20

Core Promoter

Question 21

The most common consensus sequence in the core promoter, at -25

Answer 21

TATA box (TATAAA)

Question 22

The binding sites for transcriptional activator proteins

Answer 22

Regulatory promoter

Question 23

The proteins that mediate high levels of transcription, which bind to specific regulatory promoters and interact with more distant enhancers

Answer 23

Transcriptional activator proteins

Question 24

The general transcription factor that contains TBP

Answer 24

TFIID

Question 25

The TATA binding protein

Answer 25

TBP

Question 26

11-15 bp of DNA unwound and positioned within active site of RNA polymerase

Answer 26

Open Complex