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GENE 3200 Test 1 > Chapter 12- Replication > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Replication Flashcards

1
Q

Each new DNA molecule has one parent strand and one daughter strand

A

Semiconservative replication

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2
Q

One new DNA molecule contains both parental strands, while the other contains both daughter strands

A

Conservative Replication

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3
Q

Each new strand contains interspersed parental and daughter segments

A

Dispersive Replication

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4
Q

A type of replication that occurs in E. coli and in many other bacteria with circular genomes, with a single origin of replication.

A

Theta Replication

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5
Q

A type of DNA replication that occurs in all eukaryotes, which have linear chromosomes, has multiple origins of replication.

A

Linear DNA Replication

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6
Q

The places where replication initiates. There is only one in theta replication, and many in linear replication.

A

Origins (Ori)

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7
Q

Replication from both sides of a replication bubble, in both theta and linear replication

A

Bi-directional Replication

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8
Q

A sequence of RNA nucleotides that DNA synthesis initiates with, in both theta and linear replication

A

RNA Primer

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9
Q

An enzyme that recognizes the RNA primer that catalyzes the addition of DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of new strand, is driven by the template, and requires a free 3’-OH on the sugar, in both theta and linear replication

A

DNA Polymerase

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10
Q

The bond involving the 3’ OH of the newly synthesized strand and the 5’ PO4 of the next nucleotide, the formation of which is catalyzed by DNA Polymerase

A

Phosphodiester Bonds

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11
Q

The single origin of replication in E. coli

A

oriC

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12
Q

The initiator protein that binds to oriC in E. coli

A

DnaA

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13
Q

A protein that binds to the lagging strand, moves in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and breaks hydrogen bonds holding the two parent strands together

A

Helicase

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14
Q

A protein that stabilizes single-stranded regions during DNA replication

A

Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs)

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15
Q

A topoisomerase that relieves torsional strain in front of each fork

A

DNA gyrase

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16
Q

The specialized RNA polymerase that synthesizes RNA primers

A

Primase

17
Q

The strand that is synthesized continuously in the same direction as fork progression

A

Leading Strand

18
Q

The strand that is synthesized discontinuously, in the opposite direction to fork progression, in short segments

A

Lagging Strand

19
Q

The short segments that are there during the creation of the lagging strand

A

Okazaki Fragments

20
Q

The DNA polymerase that removes the RNA primers with 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity in E. coli

A

DNA pol I

21
Q

The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent DNA segments

A

DNA ligase

22
Q

The 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III

A

Proofreading

23
Q

DNA sequences involved in termination of replication

A

Ter sites

24
Q

The protein that binds to Ter sites and prevents the replication fork from proceeding in order to terminate replication in E. coli

A

Tus protein

25
Q

The eukaryote version of DnaA, which binds to origins to initiate DNA replication

A

Origin-recognition complex (ORC)

26
Q

The multiple origins of replication in yeast

A

Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS)

27
Q

The phase of the cell cycle in which replication of nuclear DNA occurs in eukaryotes

A

S-phase

28
Q

The factors that attach to each origin in order to license them for replication

A

Replication Licensing Factors

29
Q

The protein that prevents relicensing of an origin of replication in eukaryotes once replication initiates

A

Geminin

30
Q

Repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes, with species-specific tandem-repeats and a 3’ overhang, made of constitutive heterochromatin

A

Telomeres

31
Q

A ribonucleoprotein (made of protein and RNA) that aids in DNA replication at the telomeres

A

Telomerase

32
Q

The reverse transcriptase of telomerase, that binds specifically to telomere sequences

A

TERT

33
Q

the RNA scaffold of telomerase, that contains a sequence that is complementary to the telomeric tandem repeat

A

TERC (hTR)

34
Q

The cell type that loses telomerase activity during normal aging

A

Differentiated Somatic Cells

35
Q

The cell type that has high telomerase activity and can continue to replicate indefinitely

A

Undifferentiated Stem Cells

GENE 3200 Test 1 (5 decks)

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