Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GENE 3200 Test 1 > Chapter 11- Chromosomes > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

The level of DNA structure that is the nucleotide sequence

A

Primary Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The level of DNA structure that is the double-stranded helix

A

Secondary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The level of DNA structure that is the high folding of DNA that takes place in cells

A

Tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Additional winding/twisting of the double-helix DNA

A

Supercoiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clockwise supercoiling, overrotated

A

Positive supercoiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Counterclockwise supercoiling, underrotated

A

Negative supercoiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proteins that add or remove rotations in DNA by breaking and then rejoining DNA strands

A

Topoisomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The type of topoisomerase that adds makes single strand breaks

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The type of topoisomerase that makes double stranded breaks

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The prokaryote version of a nucleus, where the DNA is

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The DNA and associated proteins of a chromosome in eukaryotes

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteins in chromatin (eukaryotes) that play a structural role, roles in chromosome replication, chromosome segregation, and transcription

A

Non-histone Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small, positively charged, highly conserves proteins found in all eukaryotes, make up half the proteins in chromatin

A

Histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The octamer of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

A

Nucleosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

One nucleosome is present ever how many base pairs

A

Around 200 bp (145-147 wrapped around the nucleosome, 20 bound to histone H1, and 30-40 bp of linker DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The diameter of chromatin at the nucleosome level

A

11 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The diameter of chromatin when is is coiling in helical arrays, second level

A

30 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The diameter of chromatin in the third level, when it forms large loops

A

300 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The width of the fiber in the 4th level of chromatin organization, when there are fiber to fiber interactions

A

250 nm

20
Q

The diameter of the chromatin during the fiber to fiber interactions (4th level)

A

700 nm

21
Q

The diameter of the chromatin when it is condensed into a pair of sister chromatids

A

1400 nm

22
Q

The chromatin structure that is usually transcriptionally active, relaxed

A

Euchromatin

23
Q

The chromatin structure that is usually transcriptionally inactive, and tightly condensed

A

Constitutive Heterochromatin

24
Q

The chromatin structure that is condensed or relaxed under specific conditions

A

Facultative heterochromatin

25
Q

The portion of the nucleus that is occupied by the chromatin from each chromosome

A

Chromosome territory

26
Q

Large regions of spatially interacting chromatin, and important aspect of transcriptional regulation

A

Topologically associating domain

27
Q

Special DNA that is the attachment site for sister chromatids and spindle fibers during mitosis

A

Centromere

28
Q

The ends of eukaryotic chromosome that contain tandem repeats and protect ehe ends of the chromosome

A

Telomere

29
Q

A structure that occurs at the telomere in which the G-rich strand folds over and intermolecular H-bonds with the complementary strand

A

T-loop

30
Q

A complex of six proteins that associates with telomeric DNA to mediate t-loop formation, protect the end sequences, and recruit and regulate telomerase

A

Shelterin

31
Q

The amount of pg of DNA per haploid (1n) nucleus

A

C-value

32
Q

An analysis used to determine the relative proportions of repetitive DNA and single-copy DNA in a genome

A

Cot Analysis

33
Q

The type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes that had only one or few copies, variable length

A

Unique Sequence DNA

34
Q

The type of DNA in eukaryotes that has 100s of repeats, 150-300 bp long, and can be tandem repeats or interspersed repeats

A

Moderately repetitive DNA

35
Q

The type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes that is less that 10 bp long, in tandem repeats and clusters, 100,000s to millions of repeats, and found in centromeres and telomeres

A

Highly Repetitive DNA (satellite DNA)

36
Q

The type of moderately repetitive DNA that appears in clusters

A

Tandem Repeat Sequences

37
Q

The type of moderately repetitive DNA that is scattered throughout the genome

A

Interspersed repeat sequences

38
Q

The type of interspersed repeat sequences that ate 100-300 bp in length

A

Short interspersed elements (SINEs)

39
Q

The most common human SINEs

A

Alu sequences

40
Q

The type of interspersed repeat sequences that are 6.5 to 8.5 kb in length, and makeup around 17% of the human genome

A

Long Interspersed elements (LINEs)

41
Q

The most common human LINEs

A

L1 Sequences

42
Q

Membrane bound structures inside eukaryotic cells that perform specialized functions

A

Organelles

43
Q

An organelle present in all eukaryotes that is the site of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria (mt)

44
Q

An organelle present in green plants and algae that are the sites of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts (cp)

45
Q

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria that were endocytosed and then developed into an endosymbiont

A

Endosymbiotic theory

GENE 3200 Test 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions