Chapter 15 Processes of Evolution

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

Change in genetic composition of populations over time

Question 2

What areas can evolutionary theory be applied?

Answer 2

Study and treatment of disease
Development of crops and industrial processes
Understandng the diversification of lie

Question 3

What is the Linnaean system of taxonomy based on

Answer 3

The Great Chain of Being

Question 4

When did the ‘modern synthesis’ of genetics and evoltion take place

Answer 4

1935-1947

Question 5

What was Darwin’s original explanation of evolution

Answer 5

Species change over time
Divergent species share a common ancestor (Descent with modification)
Mechanism of change is natural selection

Question 6

When was the structure of DNA Established

and when did DNA sequencing first occur

Answer 6

DNA - 1953

Sequencing - 1970

Question 7

Define population (in respect to evolution)

Answer 7

Group of individualst hat live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time

Question 8

Do individuals or populations evolve

Answer 8

Populations evolve

Question 9

What is the origin of genetic variaton

Answer 9

mutation - refers to any change in nucleotide sequences

Mutations may be beneficial, deeterious or have no effect

Question 10

What is the gene pool

Answer 10

sum of all copies of all alleles at all loci in a population

Question 11

Describe the theory of natural selection

Answer 11

More individuals are born than survive to reproduce
Natural selection describes how individuals who have features that allow them to survive will pass those on to the next generation

Question 12

What is adaptation

Answer 12

favoured trait that evolves through natural selection OR process that produces the trait

Question 13

What is gene flow

Answer 13

Exchange of genetic information between distinct populations

migration of individuals or movement of gametes between populations

Question 14

What is genetic drift

Answer 14

random changes in allele frquencies from one generation to the next

Question 15

What is a population bottleneck

Answer 15

When an environmental even results in the survival of only a few individuals
- can cause genetic drift

Question 16

What is the founder effect

Answer 16

genetic drift changes allele frequency when a few individuals colonize a new area

Question 17

What is the impact of nonrandom mating

Answer 17

Heterozygous genotypes decrease and diversity may also

Question 18

What is sexual selection

Answer 18

when individuals of one sex mate preferentailly with individuals of the other sex rather than at random

Question 19

What were Darwin’s key points regarding evolution

Answer 19

Variation
Heritability
Competition - more born than reproduce
Natural Selection
Adaptation
Genetic Basis (Not Darwins, came later)

Question 20

What is bioprospecting

Answer 20

search for compounds that living organisms produce that would be helpful to humans

Question 21

What are some practical applciations of evolutionary theory?

Answer 21

Aggriculture - pest resistance and better plants
Study organisms (eg. viral diseases) - vaccines