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Biology 1407-01 > Chapter 15: Population Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Population Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

population ecology is…

A

the study of how and why populations change

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2
Q

define a population

A

a group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area

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3
Q

individuals in a population…

A
  • rely on the same resources
  • are influenced by the same environmental factors
  • are likely to interact and breed with one another
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4
Q

population ecology is concerned with…

A
  • changes in population size

- factors that regulate populations over time

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5
Q

populations increase through

A

birth and immigration to an area

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6
Q

populations decrease through

A

death and emigration out of an area

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7
Q

define population density

A

the number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume

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8
Q

local densities vary greatly within a

A

population’s geographic range

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9
Q

describe the capture-mark-release system used to count population density

A
  • capture, mark and release individuals

- recapture on a different day and count the marked and unmarked individuals

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10
Q

equation that describes the estimate of a population based on a sample and assumptions

A

population= (#captured (day 1) x # captured (day 2)/ # marked day 2)

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11
Q

occupancy modeling estimates…

A

population presence, colonization, extinction, etc. based on repeated surveys

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12
Q

dispersion patter of a population refers to..

A

the way individuals are spaced within their area

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13
Q

3 different types of dispersion patterns

A
  1. clumped
  2. uniform
  3. random
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14
Q

describe clumped dispersion patterns

A

organisms grouped in patches due to resources being unequally distributed

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15
Q

describe uniform dispersion pattern

A

organisms are equally spaced and interacting in the environment

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16
Q

describe random dispersion patterns

A

organisms are dispersed in an unpredictable way

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17
Q

a plant with high nutrient need in nutrient poor soil, would describe what dispersion patter?

A

uniform

18
Q

a large solitary carnivore species would describe what dispersion pattern?

A

random

19
Q

a fish species that relies on a limited resource describes what type of dispersion pattern?

A

clumped

20
Q

define life tables

A

track survivorship–the chance that an individual survives to various ages in a population

21
Q

describe survivorship curves

A

plot survivorship as the proportion of individuals from an initial population that are alive at each age

22
Q

the 3 types of survivorship curves reflect differences in species’

A
  • reproduction

- mortality

23
Q

type I survivorship curves have a…

A

high survival rate with death at a later age

24
Q

type II survivorship curve has a….

A

steady decline

25
Q

type III survivorship curve has….

A

multiple kids at the beginning of their life span, but most die

26
Q

define exponential growth

A

the accelerating increase that occurs when growth is unlimited

27
Q

which equation shows the J-shaped growth curve?

A

G=rN

28
Q

logistic growth model represents…

A

the slowing of population growth as a result of limiting factors and leveling off at carrying capacity

29
Q

define carrying capacity

A

the number of individuals the environment can support

30
Q

equation describing the logistic growth curve?

A

G=rN (K-N)/K

31
Q

increase death/ decreased birth rate it affected by….and is ultimately caused by…

A

limited food supply or increased disease

increase in population density

32
Q

define life history

A

the series of events from birth through reproduction to death

33
Q

populations with r-selected life history traits produce…

A

many offspring and grow rapidly in unpredictable environments

34
Q

r-selected life history traits may never…

A

reach a carrying capacity

35
Q

populations with k-selected traits…

A

raise a few offspring and maintain relatively stable populations

36
Q

k-selected traits…

A

lie naturally close to carrying capacity

37
Q

r-selected history traits are examples of what type of survivorship curve?

A

type III

38
Q

k-selected history traits are examples of what type of survivorship curve?

A

type I

39
Q

sustainable resource management involves practices that

A

allow the use of a natural resource without damaging it

40
Q

according to the logistic growth model when does the fastest growth rate occur?

A

when the population size is at roughly 1/2 the carrying capacity of the habitat

41
Q

in terms of population growth what is meant by sustainable resource management?

A

maintaining a high population growth rate to replenish the population

42
Q

population viability analyses is used in… and based on…

A
  • imperiled systems

- vital statistics

Biology 1407-01 (14 decks)

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