Behavior

Question 1

what are one of the few monogamous mammals?

Answer 1

prairie voles

Question 2

proximate causes are characterized by

Answer 2

biochemical changes in the body and brain

Question 3

ultimate cause are characterized by…

Answer 3

the genetic reasoning that resulted in a specific biochemical signal

Question 4

describe the proximate cause as to why prairie voles are monogamous mammals.

Answer 4

due to vasopressin hormone and brain receptors in the ventral pallium

Question 5

describe the ultimate cause as to why prairie voles are monogamous mammals.

Answer 5

monogamous voles have shown to have higher number of offspring thus increasing their fitness

Question 6

innate behavior is preformed

Answer 6

the same way by all members of a species

Question 7

a fixed action pattern (FAP) is a

Answer 7

unchangeable series of actions triggered by a specific stimulus

Question 8

fixed action patters ensure that

Answer 8

activities essential to survival are preformed correctly without practice

Question 9

what has been used to investigate genes that influence behavior?

Answer 9

genetic engineering

Question 10

what type of experiments are useful for studying environmental factors that affect behavior?

Answer 10

cross-fostering experiments

Question 11

learning is a modification of

Answer 11

behavior as a result of specific experiences

Question 12

what are the 6 types of learning?

Answer 12

1. habituation
2. imprinting
3. spatial learning
4. associative learning
5. social learning
6. problem solving

Question 13

in habituation an animal learn not to

Answer 13

respond to a repeated stimulus that conveys little to no information

Question 14

imprinting is learning that is limited to

Answer 14

a specific time period and is irreversible

Question 15

define sensitive period

Answer 15

the limited phase in an animal’s development when it can learn certain behaviors

Question 16

examples of imprinting include

Answer 16

• young bird identifying its parents

- song development in birds

Question 17

artificial incubation in captivity is successful in saving endangered species. however, offspring may not learn appropriate behaviors if…

Answer 17

there are no parents as models for imprinting

Question 18

define kinesis

Answer 18

a random movement in response to a stimulus

Question 19

define a taxis

Answer 19

a response directed toward or away from a stimulus

Question 20

define spatial learning

Answer 20

animals’ establishment of memories of landmarks in their environment that indicate the location of:

• food
• nests
• mates
• potential hazards

Question 21

define migration

Answer 21

the regular back-and-forth movement of animals between two geographical areas

Question 22

migratory animals use ______ ___ to move between areas.

Answer 22

external cues

Question 23

gray whales use what to migrate?

Answer 23

topography of the ocean floor

Question 24

sea turtles use what to migrate?

Answer 24

magnetic cues

Question 25

define associative learning

Answer 25

the ability to associate one environmental feature with another

Question 26

describe the 2 types of associative learning

Answer 26

-linking a particular stimulus to a particular outcome

-trial-and-error learning
associating one of its behaviors with a positive or negative effect

Question 27

define cognition

Answer 27

the process of perceiving, storing, integrating, and using information

Question 28

problem-solving behavior involves..

Answer 28

complex cognitive processes

Question 29

problem-solving behavior is highly developed in

Answer 29

dolphins, primates, and some birds