Chapter 15 Metabolism

Question 1

Phototrophs

Answer 1

Obtain energy by capturing sunlight

Question 2

Chemotrophs

Answer 2

Obtain energy through the oxidation of carbon fuels

Question 3

Basic Principles that govern energy manipulations in all cells 5

Answer 3

1. Series of rxn degrade or synthesize molecules (Metabolic Pathways)
2. ATP currency of life
3. ATP formed by oxidation of carbon fuels
4. limited number of rxn types common to all metabolic pathways
5. Highly Regulated

Question 4

Glucose degraded into pyruvate

Answer 4

Creating ATP

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

a series of linked rxn that convert a specific reactant into a specific product

Question 6

Intermediary Metabolism

Answer 6

entire set of cellular metabolic reactions

Question 7

Glycolysis starts with

Answer 7

D Glucose

Question 8

During Glycolysis after the 10 steps turns it into

Answer 8

Pyruvate

Question 9

Puryvate with No O2 (absent)

Answer 9

Anaerobic pathway
turns into Lactate
(Metabolic Process)

Question 10

Pyruvate with O2 (present)

Answer 10

Aerobic pathway turns into Acetyl CoA (Co enzyme A)
And then will produce ATP via the Citric Acid cycle

Question 11

TWO types of Metabolic pathways

Answer 11

Catabolic
Anabolic

Question 12

Catabolic pathways

Answer 12

Combust (breaks down) carbon fuels to synthesize ATP
*Glycolysis

Question 13

Anabolic pathways

Answer 13

Use ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomechanics
(building up )
CCC +ATP –>CCCCCCC
*Gluconeogensis

Question 14

Amphibolic Pathways

Answer 14

anabolically or catabollcaly both
*Glycolysis in Glucogenosis

Question 15

Two criteria must be met to construct a metabolic pathway

Answer 15

1. individual rxn must be specific
2. Pathway in total must be thermodynamically favorable

Question 16

Thermodynamically unfavorable rxn in pathways can be made to occur by

Answer 16

Coupling it to a favorable rxn
*adding ATP

Question 17

Gibbs free energy

Question 18

+ Delta G’

Answer 18

Non spontaneous

Question 19

• Delta G’

Answer 19

Spontaneous
*most desirable in Biochem

Question 20

What ID factors make ATP and energy-rich molecule?

Answer 20

three phosphates a lot of energy in the at Gamma Phosphate bond!

Question 21

ATP can power rxn that would not take place

Answer 21

will react with enzyme that accepts ATP taking + Delta G (non-spontaneous) to
-Delta G (spontaneous)

Question 22

ATP Hydrolysis is…

Answer 22

Exergonic!!
(releases energy)

Answer 23

ATP
Adenosine TRIPHOSPHATE

Answer 24

ADP
Adenosine DIPHOSPHATE

Answer 25

AMP
Adenosine MONOPHOSPHATE

Question 26

A –> B
Endergonic

Answer 26

Delta G = +
(NON SPONTANEOUS)
coupling with ATP hydrolysis will make it
exergonic (-Delta G)

Question 27

Phosphoryl-transfer potential

Answer 27

standard free energy of hydrolysis.
(comparing the transfer of a phosphoryl group to an acceptor molecule)

Question 28

AT has HIGH Phosphoryl-transfer potential due to 3 Key factors

Answer 28

1. Charge repulsion
2. resonance stabilization
3. Stabilization by hydration

Question 29

AMP
NEEDS PHOTO!

Answer 29

Representation of ATP commonly used

Question 30

Resonance structures of orthophosphate

Answer 30

Naturally not as stable ato ribose sugar of ATP

Question 31

Phosphoenolypyruvate
(PEP)

Answer 31

High-energy compounds
(very unstable)

Question 32

Glucose 6-

Answer 32

Low-energy compounds
(stable)
Helps + Delta G –> - Delta G

Question 33

Glycerol 3-

Answer 33

Low-energy compounds
(stable)
Helps + Delta G –> - Delta G