Chapter 15 Immunity

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

any molecule that stimulates an immune response

Question 2

Innate/Nonspecific Response

Answer 2

Born with this system, consists of physical barriers, WBC, inflammatory response (histamine), chemicals

Question 3

Inferferons

Answer 3

released by infected cells to warn other body cells and activate WBC in the area

Question 4

Specific/Acquired Immunity

Answer 4

Takes over if Innate/Nonspecific response doesn’t fix it

Question 5

Antigen Presenting Cells

APC

Answer 5

Macrophages
Dendric cells
B lymphocytes

Question 6

3 Major histocompatibility complexes

Answer 6

MHC 1 - self antigen, RBC
MHC 2 - all APC
MHC 3 - genes that code for complement that aids immune response

Question 7

Function of Macrophage

Answer 7

Carries antigen to T Helper lymphocyte in a lymph node

Question 8

T Helper Cells

Answer 8

Activate other lymphocytes

Question 9

T Suppressor Cells

Answer 9

manage the immune response

Question 10

B Cells

Answer 10

make antibodies that float and plasma and attach to antigens there

Question 11

Memory cells

Answer 11

Transport antigen information to other lymph nodes in case pathogen comes back, it will be recognized

Question 12

Opsonization

Answer 12

allows macrophages to phagocytose the antigen

Question 13

Neutralization

Answer 13

surround viruses and exotoxins

Question 14

Agglutination

Answer 14

take cells out of circulation

Question 15

Precipitation

Answer 15

take smaller molecules out of circulation

Question 16

5 Classes of antibodies/immunoglobulins

Answer 16

IgM - first, forms pentamer
IgG - second, in response to an infection, monomer, crosses placenta
IgA - mucus membranes
IgE - binds to mast cells, allergies and parasites
IgD - binds to B Cells

Question 17

Antibody titer

Answer 17

a test that serially dilutes plasma to determine the highest dilution a sample reacts to a reagent.

Question 18

Natural Active Immunity

Natural Passive Immunity

Answer 18

Get an illness

Mother’s milk

Question 19

Artificial Active Immunity

Artificial Passive Immunity

Answer 19

vaccination

get another’s serum and antibodies

Question 20

Antitoxin serum

Answer 20

artificial passive, antibodies that neutralize toxins, exotoxins

Question 21

Attenuated vaccines

Answer 21

Live cells/viruses, better immune response, may mutate back into virulent form

Question 22

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 22

Dead cells/viruses, safer, may need many booster

Question 23

Herd Immunity

Answer 23

Collective immunity through mass vaccination offers indirect protection for immunocomp. individuals