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Microbiology > Chapter 13 Infection & Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Infection & Disease Flashcards

1
Q

infection

A

pathogenic m.o. penetrate host’s defenses and multiply

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2
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disruption of a tissue/organ caused by microbes or their products

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3
Q

normal microbiota

“normal flora”

A

m.o. normally present in and on body

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4
Q

Benefits of normal flora

A

Provide nutrients to host (vitamins)
Can break down food for host
Immune stimulation

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5
Q

Sterile body organs

A

Heart and circulatory system, liver, kidneys and bladder, brain and spinal cord, muscles, bone, ovaries/testes, glands, internal eye, sinuses, middle and inner ear.

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Causes disease in immunodeficient people w/another primary disease

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7
Q

Virulence factors

A

Microbial components that contribute to ability to cause disease in a susceptible host

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8
Q

The 4 portals of entry for microbes

A

Skin: abrasions, cuts, punctures
GIT: pathogens in food and drink
Respiratory: air spit
Urogenital: STDs, mucosa, unbroken skin

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9
Q

Pathogens during pregnancy and birth

A

cross placenta or during birth.

Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
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10
Q

Exotoxins

A

Secreted by living cell and targets specific tissues

ex Clostridium botulism

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11
Q

Endotoxins

A

Outer layer/LPS of gram- m.o. that causes fever, shock, vasodilation, diarrhea, and death

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12
Q

Systemic infection

A

Affecting the entire body

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13
Q

Focal infection

A

Localized infection

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14
Q

Mixed infection

A

Infection on viruses and bacteria

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15
Q

Acute infection

A

Short-lived infection

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16
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient

ex feeling unwell

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17
Q

Signs

A

Objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer

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18
Q

Incubation

A

Time of initial contact with m.o. to first symptoms

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19
Q

Prodromal stage

A

Time of vague symptoms

ex general fatigue

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20
Q

Period of invasion

A

Active infection with obvious signs of disease

21
Q

Convalescent period

A

Recovery period, signs of disease subsiding

22
Q

Leukocytosis

A

excess WBC

23
Q

Leukopenia

A

lack of WBC

24
Q

Bacteremia/Viremia/Septicemia

A

m.o. present in the blood

25
Q

Exit portals for m.o.

A

Respiratory & salivary products
Skin scales
Fecal/Urogenital
Bleeding/removal of blood

26
Q

Latency

A

dormant state, can become active again

ex mono, herpes

27
Q

Reservoir

A

primary habitat from which a m.o. originates

28
Q

Carrier

A

individual who is asymptomatic and spreads pathogen to others

29
Q

Biological vector

A

Actively participates in a pathogens life cycle

ex ticks, mosquitos

30
Q

Mechanical vector

A

Transports the infectious agent w/o being infected

31
Q

Zoonosis

A

infection indigenous to animals but is transmissible to humans

32
Q

Vertical Transmission

A

Transmission of disease from mother to child from pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding

33
Q

Horizontal transmission

A

Transmission of disease from members of the same species that are not mother/child

34
Q

Contact transmission

A

Horizontal and vertical transmission, biologic vector

35
Q

Indirect transmission

A

Aerosols, fecal oral, food, fomites

36
Q

Fomites

A

Toys, doorknobs, towels, soaps

37
Q

Universal precautions

A

Assume all patient specimens could harbor m.o.
Handwashing, gloves, masks
Body substance isolation techniques

38
Q

Etiology

A

Study of causation, origination

39
Q

Epidemic

A

sudden acute disease outbreak

40
Q

Pandemic

A

Worldwide epidemic

41
Q

Endemic

A

Chronic occurrence in a specific location

42
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of occurrence of disease

43
Q

Point source outbreak

A

Single source, occurring one time, potluck

44
Q

Propagated epidemic

A

sharp rise in cases as individuals pass disease to others

45
Q

Herd health view

A

High level of general health in the pop. will help all in community

46
Q

Mortality rate

A

Deaths by illness

47
Q

Morbidity rate

A

Illnesses by disease

48
Q

Sporadic

A

Random, small outbreaks

Microbiology (8 decks)

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