Chapter 13 Infection & Disease Flashcards

1
Q

infection

A

pathogenic m.o. penetrate host’s defenses and multiply

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2
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disruption of a tissue/organ caused by microbes or their products

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3
Q

normal microbiota

“normal flora”

A

m.o. normally present in and on body

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4
Q

Benefits of normal flora

A

Provide nutrients to host (vitamins)
Can break down food for host
Immune stimulation

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5
Q

Sterile body organs

A

Heart and circulatory system, liver, kidneys and bladder, brain and spinal cord, muscles, bone, ovaries/testes, glands, internal eye, sinuses, middle and inner ear.

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Causes disease in immunodeficient people w/another primary disease

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7
Q

Virulence factors

A

Microbial components that contribute to ability to cause disease in a susceptible host

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8
Q

The 4 portals of entry for microbes

A

Skin: abrasions, cuts, punctures
GIT: pathogens in food and drink
Respiratory: air spit
Urogenital: STDs, mucosa, unbroken skin

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9
Q

Pathogens during pregnancy and birth

A

cross placenta or during birth.

Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
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10
Q

Exotoxins

A

Secreted by living cell and targets specific tissues

ex Clostridium botulism

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11
Q

Endotoxins

A

Outer layer/LPS of gram- m.o. that causes fever, shock, vasodilation, diarrhea, and death

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12
Q

Systemic infection

A

Affecting the entire body

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13
Q

Focal infection

A

Localized infection

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14
Q

Mixed infection

A

Infection on viruses and bacteria

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15
Q

Acute infection

A

Short-lived infection

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16
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient

ex feeling unwell

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17
Q

Signs

A

Objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer

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18
Q

Incubation

A

Time of initial contact with m.o. to first symptoms

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19
Q

Prodromal stage

A

Time of vague symptoms

ex general fatigue

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20
Q

Period of invasion

A

Active infection with obvious signs of disease

21
Q

Convalescent period

A

Recovery period, signs of disease subsiding

22
Q

Leukocytosis

A

excess WBC

23
Q

Leukopenia

A

lack of WBC

24
Q

Bacteremia/Viremia/Septicemia

A

m.o. present in the blood

25
Exit portals for m.o.
Respiratory & salivary products Skin scales Fecal/Urogenital Bleeding/removal of blood
26
Latency
dormant state, can become active again | ex mono, herpes
27
Reservoir
primary habitat from which a m.o. originates
28
Carrier
individual who is asymptomatic and spreads pathogen to others
29
Biological vector
Actively participates in a pathogens life cycle | ex ticks, mosquitos
30
Mechanical vector
Transports the infectious agent w/o being infected
31
Zoonosis
infection indigenous to animals but is transmissible to humans
32
Vertical Transmission
Transmission of disease from mother to child from pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding
33
Horizontal transmission
Transmission of disease from members of the same species that are not mother/child
34
Contact transmission
Horizontal and vertical transmission, biologic vector
35
Indirect transmission
Aerosols, fecal oral, food, fomites
36
Fomites
Toys, doorknobs, towels, soaps
37
Universal precautions
Assume all patient specimens could harbor m.o. Handwashing, gloves, masks Body substance isolation techniques
38
Etiology
Study of causation, origination
39
Epidemic
sudden acute disease outbreak
40
Pandemic
Worldwide epidemic
41
Endemic
Chronic occurrence in a specific location
42
Epidemiology
Study of occurrence of disease
43
Point source outbreak
Single source, occurring one time, potluck
44
Propagated epidemic
sharp rise in cases as individuals pass disease to others
45
Herd health view
High level of general health in the pop. will help all in community
46
Mortality rate
Deaths by illness
47
Morbidity rate
Illnesses by disease
48
Sporadic
Random, small outbreaks