Chapter 15 - Fluid and Acid-Base (Exam 3)

Question 1

Pool

Answer 1

Amount of substance in ECF

Question 2

Body H2O Comp

Answer 2

2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF; plasma + ISF = ECF

Question 3

Plasma v ISF

Answer 3

Barrier-blood vessel wall; free exchange except proteins

Question 4

ECF v ICF

Answer 4

Barrier-plasma membrane; Membrane selective-passive and active transport

Question 5

Na v K

Answer 5

Na-ECF; K-ICF

Question 6

Fluid Balance

Answer 6

Maintained by regulating ECF volume and osmolarity

Question 7

ECF Volume

Answer 7

BP, NaCl balance

Question 8

ECF Osmolarity

Answer 8

H2O balance-don’t want cells to shrink or swell

Question 9

Short-term BP Control

Answer 9

Baroreceptors-change CO and TPR, fluid shifts between plasma and ISF

Question 10

Long-term BP Control

Answer 10

Kidneys-control urinary output

Question 11

ECF Volume Regulation

Answer 11

Na-90% ECF osmotic activity; Control Na salts controls ECF vol

Question 12

Kidneys and Na

Answer 12

Freely filtered at glomerulus, actively reabsorbed, not secreted; Adjusted GFR, reabsorption via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

Question 13

ECF Osmolarity Regulation

Answer 13

Dehydration-hypertonic ECF, shrink; Overhydration-hypotonic ECF, swell (renal failure, SIADH); Isotonic-solution given intravenously (trauma)

Question 14

Acid

Answer 14

H+ containing substances that dissociate in solution liberating free H+ and anions

Question 15

Base

Answer 15

Combines with free H+ to remove it from solution

Question 16

pH Arterial Blood

Answer 16

7.45

Question 17

pH Venous Blood

Answer 17

7.35

Question 18

Average Blood pH

Answer 18

7.4

Question 19

H+

Answer 19

Change excitability of nerve and muscle cells; Inc, acidosis-depress CNS (disoriented, coma, death), pH low; Dec, alkalosis-Overexcite CNS (twitches, seizures, death), pH high

Question 20

H+ influence on K+

Answer 20

Inc H, dec K secretion; Dec H, inc K secretion; K changes lead to cardiac abnormalities

Question 21

Maintaining H+

Answer 21

Chemical buffers, resp mech, renal mech

Question 22

Chemical Buffer

Answer 22

Mixture two chem compounds that minimize pH changes

Question 23

Chemical Buffers in Body

Answer 23

H2CO3:HCO3-; protein; hemoglobin; phosphate

Question 24

Carbonic Acid:Bicarbonate Buffer

Answer 24

Most important in ECF; Kidneys control HCO3-, resp system controls CO2

Question 25

Protein Buffer

Answer 25

Most important in H+ conc in ICF

Question 26

Hemoglobin Buffer

Answer 26

Most H+ generated from CO2 at tissue level bound to Hb-dec acidity of venous blood

Question 27

Phosphate Buffer

Answer 27

Intracellular, urinary

Question 28

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 28

Inc CO2, inc H+, dec pH, dec vent

Question 29

Resp Acid Causes

Answer 29

Lung disease, depression of resp center by drugs/disease, nerve/muscle disorders, holding breath

Question 30

Resp Acid Compensation

Answer 30

Kidneys-adjust pH by conserving all filtered HCO3- and add new HCO3- to plasma while simultaneously secreting and excreting more H+

Question 31

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 31

Dec CO2, inc vent, dec H+, inc pH

Question 32

Resp Alk Causes

Answer 32

Fever, aspirin OD, anxiety; high altitudes

Question 33

Resp Alk Compensation

Answer 33

Chemical buffers liberate H+; dec drives for vent

Question 34

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 34

HCO3- dec, pH dec

Question 35

Metab Acid Causes

Answer 35

Diarrhea, DM, Exercise, Uremic Acidosis

Question 36

Metab Acid Compensation

Answer 36

Lungs blow off additional H+-gen CO2

Question 37

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 37

H+ dec or HCO3- in (pH dec)

Question 38

Metab Alk Causes

Answer 38

Vomiting, ingestion of alkaline drugs

Question 39

Metab Alk Compensation

Answer 39

Vent reduced so extra H+-gen CO2 retained in body fluids