Ch 5 - Central Nervous System (Exam 4)

Question 1

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 1

Brain protected from harmful changes in blood-tight junctions-only exchange through capillary cells; Lipid-soluble penetrate easily, all other substances transported by highly selective membrane-bound carriers

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Regulate internal environment; experience emotions; voluntary movements; perceive; engage higher cognitive processes (thought, memory)

Question 3

Functional Areas

Answer 3

Cerebral cortex; basal nuclei; thalamus; hypothalamus; cerebellum; brain stem

Question 4

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 4

Major functional areas; occipital lobes-vision; temporal-hearing; parietal-sensory input (receive and process); frontal-voluntary motor, speaking ability, elaboration of thought

Question 5

Language

Answer 5

Most people-left hemisphere; Broca’s-speaking ability (left frontal lobe); Wernicke’s-language comprehension-juncture of parietal, temporal, occipital; damage-aphasias

Question 6

Limbic System

Answer 6

Association area, motivation, emotion, memory

Question 7

Cerebral Hemisphere Specialization

Answer 7

Left-logical, analytical, sequential, verbal, math, language, philosophy; Right-spatial perception, artistic, musical

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

Subconscious control of movement; balance and eye movements; enhance muscle tone and coordination; planning and initiating voluntary activity-input to cortical motor regions

Question 9

Brain Stem

Answer 9

Medulla, pons, midbrain; vital link between spinal cord and brain-to/from; cranial nerves; centers-control HR, RR, BP; Reflexes-equilibrium and posture

Question 10

Spinal Cord

Answer 10

Paired spinal nerves; Cervical-8, Thoracic-12, Lumbar-5, Sacral-5, Coccygeal-1

Question 11

White Matter

Answer 11

Outer; Tracts-bundles of nerve fibers; Ascending-cord to brain; Descending-brain to cord

Question 12

Gray Matter

Answer 12

Inner; Neurons, glial, dorsal horns-receive incoming, ventral horns-motor out