Chapter 15 and 16

Question 1

Drugs that block are referred to as

Answer 1

Adrenergic blockers, sympatholytics, or adrenolytics

Question 2

What are the three different ways of inactivation of neurostransmitters

Answer 2

1. Recycle Neurostransmitter
2. Enzymes inactivate Neurotransmitter
   3.

Question 3

What isDirect-acting sympathomimetics? Examples?

Answer 3

Binds directly (stimulates) to the receptors (adrenergic receptors) and causes a physiologic response
Ex: Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 4

What is Indirect-acting sympathomimetics? What is an example ?

Answer 4

Stimulates release of NE from terminal endings
NE binds to the receptors and causes a physiologic response
Amphetamine

Question 5

Mixed-acting sympathomimetics (direct and indirect)? examples

Answer 5

Stimulates receptor sites and release of NE from terminal endings
Ephedrine

Question 6

What are the receptors in the Sympathetic Nervous System called?

Answer 6

Alpha 1 and 2

Beta 1 and 2

Question 7

What are the receptors in the Parasympathetic nervous system called?

Answer 7

Nictonic and Muscarinic

Question 8

What are Catecholamines ?

Answer 8

-subs that can produce a sympathomimetic response.
Endogenous 
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Synthetic
Isoproterenol, dobutamine

Question 9

Noncatecholamines

Answer 9

stimulate adrenergic receptors and produce a response

ex: Phenylephrine, metaproterenol, albuterol

Question 10

Describe Nonspecific and Nonselective

Answer 10

Nonspecific- one receptor (cholinergic)

NonSelective - Multiple receptors (Adrenergic)

Question 11

Describe Adrenergeric

Answer 11

Allergic reaction, bronchospasm, status asthmaticus
Certain types of shock (cardiac arrest, anaphylactic)
Commonly used to combat anaphylaxis
Non-selective response.
α1, increases the blood pressure
β1, increases heart rate (tachycardia)
β2, promotes bronchodilation
Pharmacokinetics:
Not to be given Orally
rapidly metabolized in the GI & liver – inadequate serum levels occur

Question 12

Dixogin

Answer 12

Causes cardiac dysrhythmias
Caution: 
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia
Increase blood glucose levels 
Hyperthyroidism
Hypertension
Additive effect 
May cause renal vasoconstriction – renal perfusion

Question 13

Abulterol

Answer 13

Indications – Asthma, bronchospasm
Selective on β2 adrenergic receptors
Response purely bronchodilation
Asthmatic Patient: responds better using albuterol than isoproterenol
Primary action on the beta2 receptors
Fewer side effects (selective)
Higher doses may affects beta1 receptor causing an ↑ in heart rate
SE –tremors, nervousness, restlessness, sweating , blurred vision

Question 14

clonidine and methyldopa

Answer 14

Selective α2 adrenergic drugs
primarily to treat hypertension
Action: Decrease the release of NE from sympathetic nerves and by decreasing peripheral adrenergic receptor activation
acts on the nerve terminals and not the organs
Side effects and adverse reactions:
Headaches, nasal congestion, constipation and edema

Question 15

Do decongestsants cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

Answer 15

Vasoconstriction

Question 16

prydotigimine

Answer 16

can use as a antidote and anticholinergic