Chapter 15 Flashcards
Isometric exercise
Exercise performed by contracting muscles against an immovable object
Isotonic exercise
Exercise that requires the contraction of muscles and the movement of joints, as in weight lifting.
Isokinetic exercise
Exercise requiring exertion for lifting and additional effort for returning weight to the starting position.
Anaerobic exercises
Exercises that require short, intensive bursts of energy but do not require an increased amount of oxygen use.
Aerobic exercise
Exercises that require an increased amount of oxygen consumption over an extended period of time
Osteoporosis
A disease characterized by a reduction in bone density,
brittleness of bones, and a loss of calcium from the bones.
Trait anxiety
A personality characteristic that manifests itself as a more or less constant feeling of dread or uneasiness.
State anxiety
A temporary condition of dread or uneasiness stemming from a specific situation.
What are the different types of physical activity?
All physical activity can be subsumed under one or more of five basic categories: isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, anaerobic, and aerobic. Each of these five exercise types has advantages and disadvantages for improving physical fitness. Most people who exercise do so for the benefits from one or another of these five types of physical activity, but no one type of exercise promotes all types of fitness.
Does physical activity benefit the cardiovascular system?
Most results on the health benefits of exercise have confirmed a positive relationship between regular physical activity and enhanced cardiovascular health, including weight control and a favorable cholesterol ratio. This research suggests that a regimen of moderate, brisk physical activity should be prescribed as one of several components in a program of coronary health.
What are some other health benefits of physical activity?
In addition to improving cardiovascular health, regular physical activity may protect against some kinds of cancer, especially colon and breast cancer; help prevent bone density loss, thus lowering one’s risk of osteoporosis; prevent and control Type 2 diabetes and help manage Type 1 diabetes; and help people live longer.
Can physical activity be hazardous?
Some runners appear to be addicted to exercise, becoming obsessed with body image and fearful of being prevented from following their exercise regimen. Injuries are frequent among those who exercise regularly, especially if they train intensively. However, the most serious hazard is sudden death while exercising, which almost always occurs in people with cardiovascular disease. People who exercise regularly are much less likely than occasional exercisers to die of a heart attack during heavy physical exertion.
How much is enough but not too much?
The current pronouncement from the American College of Sports Medicine allowed for two routes to achieve acceptable levels of physical activity. One possibility is moderately vigorous exercise for 30 minutes five times per week, and the other involves intense exercise for 20 minutes three times a week. In addition, individuals should participate in strength training.
What are effective interventions for improving physical activity?
More than 50% of adults in the United States are too sedentary for good health. One simple and effective intervention for improving physical activity is using “point-of-decision” prompts, which highlight opportunities for people to engage in exercise—such as using stairs instead of an elevator. Social and behavioral interventions are also effective in promoting adoption of physical activity; these interventions can be delivered in person, as well as through the computer, telephone, and Internet.
