Chapter 14 Vocab Flashcards
adaptive immunity
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
adenoids
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
antibody
protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
antigen
substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes and immune response
axillary nodes
lymph nodes in the armpit
B cell (B lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
cell-mediated immunity
T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigen and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity
cervical nodes
lymph nodes in the neck region
complement system
set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
cytokines
proteins secreted by cytotoxic C cells to aid in antigen destruction, ex. interferons and interleukins
cytotoxic T cell
lymphocyte that directly kills T cells; called (CD8+) T cell
dendritic cell
antigen-presenting cell; shows T and B cells what to attack
helper T cell
lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; also called (CD4+) T cell
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to certain antigens; type adaptive immunity
immunity
bodys ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs; includes natural and adaptive immunity
immunoglobulins
antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgC, etc; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
immunotherapy
use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
inguinal nodes
lymph nodes in the groin region
interferons
proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune system
interleukins
proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
interstitial fluid
fluid in the spaces between cells; becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
lymph
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
lymph capillaries
tiniest lymphatic vessels
lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
lymph node
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along the lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
lymph vessel
carrier of lymph throughout the body; empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
macrophage
large phagocyte found in the lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
mesentric nodes
lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
monoclonal antibody
antibody produced in a lab to attack antigens and to destroy cells; used in immunotherapy
natural immunity
protections that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monophils, macrophages, and NK cells; is not antigen specific and doesnt elicit memory
paraaortic nodes
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area
plasma cell
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B lymphocytes
right lymphtic duct
lymphatic muscle in the chest that drains lymph from the upper part of the body; empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
spleen
organ in LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes and stores blood
suppressor T cell
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells; also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons or interleukins that are toxic to antigens
tolerance
the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize the bodys own antigens as friendly. once the tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body
thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower left side of the body (head, neck, arm and chest); empties lymph into large veins in the neck
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
toxin
poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants
vaccination
exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response; will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen
vaccine
weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
