Chapter 14 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

adaptive immunity

A

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them

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2
Q

adenoids

A

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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3
Q

antibody

A

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

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4
Q

antigen

A

substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes and immune response

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5
Q

axillary nodes

A

lymph nodes in the armpit

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6
Q

B cell (B lymphocyte)

A

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

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7
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigen and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity

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8
Q

cervical nodes

A

lymph nodes in the neck region

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9
Q

complement system

A

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

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10
Q

cytokines

A

proteins secreted by cytotoxic C cells to aid in antigen destruction, ex. interferons and interleukins

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11
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

lymphocyte that directly kills T cells; called (CD8+) T cell

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12
Q

dendritic cell

A

antigen-presenting cell; shows T and B cells what to attack

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13
Q

helper T cell

A

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; also called (CD4+) T cell

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to certain antigens; type adaptive immunity

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15
Q

immunity

A

bodys ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs; includes natural and adaptive immunity

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16
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgC, etc; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

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17
Q

immunotherapy

A

use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

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18
Q

inguinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in the groin region

19
Q

interferons

A

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune system

20
Q

interleukins

A

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

21
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in the spaces between cells; becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

22
Q

lymph

A

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

23
Q

lymph capillaries

A

tiniest lymphatic vessels

24
Q

lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

25
Q

lymph node

A

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along the lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

26
Q

lymph vessel

A

carrier of lymph throughout the body; empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

27
Q

macrophage

A

large phagocyte found in the lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

28
Q

mediastinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

29
Q

mesentric nodes

A

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

30
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

antibody produced in a lab to attack antigens and to destroy cells; used in immunotherapy

31
Q

natural immunity

A

protections that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monophils, macrophages, and NK cells; is not antigen specific and doesnt elicit memory

32
Q

paraaortic nodes

A

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area

33
Q

plasma cell

A

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B lymphocytes

34
Q

right lymphtic duct

A

lymphatic muscle in the chest that drains lymph from the upper part of the body; empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

35
Q

spleen

A

organ in LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes and stores blood

36
Q

suppressor T cell

A

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells; also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

37
Q

T cell (T lymphocyte)

A

lymphocyte that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons or interleukins that are toxic to antigens

38
Q

tolerance

A

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize the bodys own antigens as friendly. once the tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body

39
Q

thoracic duct

A

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower left side of the body (head, neck, arm and chest); empties lymph into large veins in the neck

40
Q

thymus gland

A

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

41
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

42
Q

toxin

A

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants

43
Q

vaccination

A

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response; will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen

44
Q

vaccine

A

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease