Chapter 12 Pathology

Question 1

auscultation

Answer 1

listening to sounds within the body

Question 2

percussion

Answer 2

tapping on a surface to determine density of underlying structure

Question 3

pleural rub

Answer 3

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing

Question 4

rales

Answer 4

fine crackling sounds heard during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 5

rhonchi

Answer 5

loud rumbling noises heard of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Question 6

sputum

Answer 6

material expelled when spitting

Question 7

stridor

Answer 7

high-pitched sound heard on inhalation caused by obstruction of pharynx or larynx

Question 8

wheezes

Answer 8

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 9

croup

Answer 9

acute viral infection of children with obstruction of the larynx; accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Question 10

diphtheria

Answer 10

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by corynebacterium

Question 11

epistaxis

Answer 11

nosebleed

Question 12

pertussis

Answer 12

whooping cough; contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis

Question 13

asthma

Answer 13

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Question 14

bronchiectasis

Answer 14

chronic dilation of bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Question 15

chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time

Question 16

cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 17

atelectasis

Answer 17

collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 18

emphysema

Answer 18

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 19

lung cancer

Answer 19

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Question 20

pneumoconiosis

Answer 20

abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis

Question 21

pneumonia

Answer 21

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 22

pulmonary abscess

Answer 22

large collection of pus in the lungs

Question 23

pulmonary edema

Answer 23

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 24

pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 25

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 25

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung

Question 26

sarcoidosis

Answer 26

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in the lungs, lymph nodes and other organs

Question 27

tuberculosis

Answer 27

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved but any organ in the body may be affected

Question 28

mesothelioma

Answer 28

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 29

pleural effusion

Answer 29

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 30

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 30

inflammation of the pleura

Question 31

pneumonothorax

Answer 31

collection of air in the pleural space