Chapter 14 Vocab

Question 1

Pathology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of disease

Question 2

Infection?

Answer 2

When an organism is colonizing beginning to invade and no symptoms are present.

Question 3

Disease?

Answer 3

When infection results in any change from a state of health. When all or part of the body is not properly performing normal functions.

Question 4

Normal Microbiota/ Normal Flora?

Answer 4

Microorganisms that reside in the body without producing disease

Question 5

Pathogens?

Answer 5

Are organisms that are disease causing.

Question 6

Transient Microbiota?

Answer 6

Those microorganisms that are picked up on a daily basis.

Question 7

Microbial Antagonism/ Competitive exclusion?

Answer 7

When our normal flora protect the host (the human) against colonization by potential pathogenic microbes. [They do so by competing for nutrients, producing harmful substances to the invading microbes,and affecting the pH, and available oxygen.]

Question 8

Symbiosis?

Answer 8

A relationship between two species where one organism is dependent on the other.

Question 9

Commensalism?

Answer 9

When one species benefits and the other is unaffected (doesn’t help it, or hurt it)

Question 10

Mutualism?

Answer 10

When both species benefit and neither one is harmed.

Question 11

Parasite?

Answer 11

Any bacteria that causes disease, and relationship that causes harm (bacterial infection) are parasites.

Question 12

Predator and prey

Answer 12

One species benefits and one species dies.

Question 13

Obligate Parasite?

Answer 13

Any parasite thats obligated to have a host to survive.

Question 14

Symptoms?

Answer 14

Subjective data

Question 15

Signs?

Answer 15

Objective: something thats measurable

Question 16

Syndrome?

Answer 16

When signs and symptoms and put together to confirm a specific disease.

Question 17

Opportunistic Pathogens?

Answer 17

A microbe takes advantage of a opportunity. (seen in immune compromised patient) Or if a microbe is placed in a place where they normally don’t grow but then thrive in that location. (site transfer)

Question 18

Nosocomial

Answer 18

Any infection acquired in the hospital

Question 19

Communicable disease?

Answer 19

Means a disease can be passed or it might not be passed.

Question 20

Contagious diseases?

Answer 20

There is a likely chance it will be passed

Question 21

Sporadic disease?

Answer 21

Just pop up every once in a while in a population.

Question 22

Endemic Disease?

Answer 22

Those that are always around or constantly present in a population.

Question 23

Epidemic Disease?

Answer 23

When many people in a given area acquire a disease in a short amount of time.

Question 24

Pandemic disease?

Answer 24

A epidemic disease that occurs worldwide.

Question 25

Acute disease

Answer 25

Those that come on after a short time after being infected

Question 26

Chronic Disease

Answer 26

Those that take months or years before its detectable

Question 27

Subacute

Answer 27

Those diseases that are between acute and chronic

Question 28

Subclinical infection/ Inapparent?

Answer 28

Those that go undetectable and have symptoms.

Question 29

Latent disease?

Answer 29

The causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms.

Question 30

Local infection?

Answer 30

The invading microbes are limited to a relatively small area of the body.

Question 31

Systemic infection/ Generalized?

Answer 31

Microbes or their products are spread throughout the body by the blood or lymph systems.

Question 32

Focal Infection?

Answer 32

Agents of a local infection enter a blood or lymphatic vessel and spread to other specific parts of the body where they are confined to specific areas.

Question 33

Sepsis

Answer 33

Promoting growth

Question 34

Septicemia

Answer 34

Multiplying microbes in the blood

Question 35

Bacteremia

Answer 35

Microbes in the blood without multiplying.

Question 36

Primary Infection & Secondary Infection?

Answer 36

Referes to two different species (Primary is virus that causes tissue death, secondary bacteria start colonizing)

Question 37

Primary & Secondary Immune response?

Answer 37

Same organism that occurs multiple times.

Question 38

Name the only positive feedback mechanisms in the body?

Answer 38

Reproduction and Immune system.

Question 39

Stages of disease?

Answer 39

Period of incubation, Prodromal state, Period of illness, Period of decline, Period of convalescence

Question 40

Period of incubation is defined as…?

Answer 40

Don’t know you have an infection. The interval between the initial infection and first appearance of any signs or symptoms.

Question 41

Prodromal state…refers to?

Answer 41

Early, mild symptoms of disease like general aches and malaise. When the immune system starts to respond.

Question 42

Period of illness is defined as?

Answer 42

The disease is most severe. When the person peaks.

Question 43

Period of decline?

Answer 43

Signs and symptoms subside. The fever decreases, malaise diminishes. (The pt is still vulnerable to secondary infections.)

Question 44

Period of convalescence?

Answer 44

Pt regains strength and body returns to the predeceased state.

Question 45

Reservoir of infection?

Answer 45

Provides a pathogen with adequate conditions for survival and multiplication and or opportunity for transmission.

Question 46

Name the natural reservoirs?

Answer 46

Humans, animals, soil, water

Question 47

Explain the terms ID50?

Answer 47

When a certain number of microbes are given to a group of healthy individuals and 50% of them come down with the disease.