Chapter 14- The Latin West 1200-1500 Flashcards
How many Western Europeans were rural during this time? Page 351
9/10 +
What was the average life expectancy for Europeans of this period? Page 353
30-35 years
Three field system
Grew crops on 2/3 land and planted the third in oats.
What proportion of Europeans did the Black Death kill? Page 353
1/3 W Euorpeans
What were water and wind mills used for? Page 355
Water mills= Harnessed power of ocean and control river
Wind mills= In dry areas where watermelons useless in winter
What were at least three negative environmental consequences of Europe’s urbanization? Page 356
- Pollution
- Deforestation
- Urban tanneries (factories to produce leather) dumped acidic wastewater back into streams…mixed with human waste and runoff form slaughterhouses-lead to 1388 1st anti-pollution law by English Parliament
Where was the largest populations of Jews found in Europe? How were they treated? Page 358
Spain (earlier Islamic rulers welcomed them). Violent persecutions or expulsions (peaked in times of crisis i.e. Black Death) and attacks
In the thirteenth century, what caused Italian Eastern Mediterranean trade to be strengthened? Page 356
Westward expansion of Mongol Empire
Discuss at least three roles of guilds in Middle Ages Europe. Page 359
- Trained apprentices and promoted members interests in city gov’t
- Regulate business practices and prices
- Perpetuate male dominance in most skilled jobs
What “architectural wonder” first made its appearance in Florence (+ France) on or about the year 1140 CE? Page 362
The Gothic Cathedral
What are at least three distinctive features of he Gothic cathedral? Page 362
- Pointed arch
- External buttresses stabilizing high, thin stone columns
- Allowed builders to make them tall and put stained glass on outside
Where did the Renaissance begin? Page 364
Renaissance= rebirth
Began in N Italy and later spread to N Europe
The West was first part of the world where what became a regular part of urban life? Page 363
Clocks
When (what events) did Greek and Arabic manuscripts come into Western European hands? Page 364
When S Italy was taken from Byzantines and Sicily, and Toledo from Muslims in 11th cent.
The modern university first appeared in Western Europe (Latin West). And what language were all courses taught? Page 364
Latin
