Chapter 12- Mongol Eurasia 1200-1500 Flashcards
How are stepe nomads portrayed according to Herodotus? Page 296
As hunters, herdsman, and superb riders
How are decisions made among the Mongols? Page 296
The Khan made the decisions and they were approved by council representatives from powerful families
What religion(s) did the Mongols practice? Page 296
Shamanism
What did the Mongols depend on for its settled regions? Page 296
- Iron for bridles (used to direct horses)
- Stirrups
- Cart fitting
How did Marco Polo contribute to Europe’s desire to find an easier route to Asia? Page 303
Stimulated the Europeans desire
What was the tension/conflict between Il-Kahn and the Golden horde over? Page 303
Religious differences
Describe three methods such weapons of warfare used by the Mongols to do subdue it’s enemies. Page 303-1
- Skills as horseback riders and with bows and arrows (shooting backwards)
- Catapult (i.e. used to launch flaming items and plagued bodies)
- Shot arrows at a distance then came in with javelines, swords, mace, etc.
Explain text for me. Page 303
A system in which merchants would sign a contract to work for the government and would collect and make money for them to keep a portion of the money
In what areas of astronomy did the Timurids excel? Page 306
It
What did the Mongols do to help facilitate their control over Russia? Page 307
Granted privileges to the Orthodox Church.
Which Russian ruler took the title of “tsar” after the decline of Mongol rule? Page 308
Ivan III
Who made up Mongol armies? Page 309
Mongols, Turks, Chinese, Iranians, some Europeans, and Englishmen
According to the textbook. What seven things did Europeans learn from the Mongols? Page 309
- Diplomatic transports
- Coal mining
- Movable type
- Higher math
- High temperature metallurgy
- Gunpowder
- Casting and use of bronze cannons
Why didn’t China as we know it today exist before the Mongols and what did the Mongols do to contribute to the creation of the do graphic region known as China? Page 310
They were unified it as it had been divided into three separate states
How were the Mongols able to systemize government control in China? Page 310
They made themselves the highest social ranking by law
Confucianism elevated the status of scholars. Much to their chargin, what class did the Mongols elevate? Page 311
The merchants and instead of scholars
What were some of them is the Mongols tried to do to solve the financial difficulties? Page 311
They tried to issue paper money and copper coinage.
What language eventually dominated most of China? Page 311
Mandarin
The population of China greatly decrease in the Mongols. What are four possible reasons for this? Page 311
- Female infanticide
- Southward movement of people fleeing
- Warfare
- Flooding on the Yellow River
What were some of things the Ming emperor did that illustrated China’s anti-Mongol ideology? Page 312
Change the capital to Nanjing, replace paper money with silver, and used a radical Buddhist beliefs
What was the central idea of the imperial complex in Beijing called? Page 313
The Forbidden City
What did Emperor Yongle do in attempt to restore commercial links with the outside world? Page 314
Explored maritime connections
What did the Ming Empire gain as a result of Zheng He’s expeditions? Page 314
They added 50 new tributary states
What took priority over the quest for a maritime empire? Page 314
The military expeditions against the Mongols
What did the Ming attempt to do to protect her technological secrets? Page 315
Censored the chpt. on gunpowder and guns in early Ming encyclopedias
What is “Ming warfare” and what did it appear on? Page 315
It is a blue-on-white style developed in the 1400s from Indian, C Asian, and Mid. E motifs
List for technological and/or cultural contributions that Mongolian food stimulated and Korea. Page 317
- Adoption of Chan Buddhism and
- Use of celadon ceramics
3.
4.
Although the Yi in Korea rejected the Mongols, what ideas (3) did they borrow from them? Page 317
- Study of Confucian classics
- Mongol style land surveys in the military techniques
- Mongol taxes
Why did literacy increase in China? Page 317
Quality, legibility, and production of printing improved when they started using solid copper frames instead of beeswax adhesive
What military techniques made the Yi a formidable force? Page 318
- Cannons on ships
- Gunpowder driven arrow launchers
- Subterfuge
- Cotton uniforms, gins, and spinning wheels (powered H2O)
What prevented the Mongols from conquering the Japanese? Page 319
Kamikaze or “Wind of the Gods”, the wall in Hakata Bay, and a typhoon
How had the ancestor to the modern state of Vietnam been born? Page 321
Annam (N Vietnam) destroyed Champas (S Vietnam) independence
What did the size of the Mongol Empire promote? Page 295
The movement of people and ideas from one of Eurasia to another
