Chapter 11- The Americas 600-1500 Flashcards
What did the achievements of the classical period depend on? Page 269
The ability of the powerful elites to organize a command growing numbers of laborerss and soldiers
Who was Quezalcoatl? Page 270
And culture God believed to be the organizer of agriculture and arts
What did the people of Teotihuacan think of sacrifice? Page 270
It was a sacred duty essential to the well-being of human society
Why were “chinampas” significant? Page 271
They permitted year-round agriculture
What kind of structures the common people live in? Page 271
Stone buildings that were like apartments
What were the most important articles are long-distance trade? Page 271
Pottery and obsidian
How did religion and trade relate to the elite classes in Teotihuacan? Page 271
Determined wealth
Who/what ruled Teotihuacan? Page 271
Alliances among the elite families of weak kings
What was the political makeup of the Maya? Page 271
They were never united politically
List at least three forms/techniques of agriculture employed by the Maya that were necessary to sustain their high populations. Page 271
- Cutting
- Burning
- Swidden agriculture
What were pyramids aligned with? Page 270
The sun and Venus (second planet from the sun)
Why did the Mayan leaders spill their own blood? Page 273
To directly communicate with the supernatural residents
Why did the Maya military forces fight? Page 273
To secure a captives rather than gain territory
Describe the role of women in my in society. Page 273
Part of religious rituals, healers, shamans, gardeners, weavers, in managing their families
What was the Toltec conquest state based on? Page 274
Military power
What was the Toltec capital? Page 274
Tula
What were the Aztec also known as? Page 275
Mexica
What kind of social organization did the Aztec have? Page 275
Clan-based
What did the Aztecs construct in order to provide enough food for the growing population? Page 276
Dikes
What was the dual nature of Aztec gods? Page 277
They were both male and female
What did the Aztec contribute to the religious life of Mesoamerica? Page 277
Cult of Huizilopochtil, S humming bird
What were the two bases of Aztec economy? Page 277
War and agriculture
What/who were Aztec sacrificial victims? Page 277
Captives, criminals, slaves, and people provided as tribute by dependent regions
What three agricultural products played an important role in the development of the Mesoamerican societies? Page 277
- Maize
- Beans
- Squash
What were kivas and why were they so important/significant? Page 278
Chamber built all the way or partly underground in used by male Indians for religious rights
What three reason were large mounds built North America? Page 280
Builders depended on hunting, gathering, and supplementation by limited cultivation of locally originated crops
What was one way and your people prevented famine? Page 282
By learning how to freeze/dry/keep food cold
What animals were domesticated the Andes and what were they use for? Page 282
Llamas and alpacas used for meat and wool
Who have wealth and power among the Moche and what were some ways they were distinguish from the lower classes? Page 283
Rich clothing and jewelry
The Inca were pastoralists. Explain what this means. Page 286
Went from high to low lands with their animals and were sheep and cattle farmers
Describe the important roles of the mit’a in Incan society. Page 286
Created a material surplus that provided the necessities for old, weak, and ill in the Incan society
What were the rulers that defeated regions required to do? Page 286
To send their heirs to live at the Incan Royal curtin Cuzco
From what did the Incan royal family claim descent? And what was an obligation associated with kingships? Page 286
The sun and their extended imperial boundaries by warfare
The peoples of Central America and Mexico built upon the achievements of what people? Page 269
The Olmecs
