Chapter 11- The Americas 600-1500

Question 1

What did the achievements of the classical period depend on? Page 269

Answer 1

The ability of the powerful elites to organize a command growing numbers of laborerss and soldiers

Question 2

Who was Quezalcoatl? Page 270

Answer 2

And culture God believed to be the organizer of agriculture and arts

Question 3

What did the people of Teotihuacan think of sacrifice? Page 270

Answer 3

It was a sacred duty essential to the well-being of human society

Question 4

Why were “chinampas” significant? Page 271

Answer 4

They permitted year-round agriculture

Question 5

What kind of structures the common people live in? Page 271

Answer 5

Stone buildings that were like apartments

Question 6

What were the most important articles are long-distance trade? Page 271

Answer 6

Pottery and obsidian

Question 7

How did religion and trade relate to the elite classes in Teotihuacan? Page 271

Answer 7

Determined wealth

Question 8

Who/what ruled Teotihuacan? Page 271

Answer 8

Alliances among the elite families of weak kings

Question 9

What was the political makeup of the Maya? Page 271

Answer 9

They were never united politically

Question 10

List at least three forms/techniques of agriculture employed by the Maya that were necessary to sustain their high populations. Page 271

Answer 10

1. Cutting
2. Burning
3. Swidden agriculture

Question 11

What were pyramids aligned with? Page 270

Answer 11

The sun and Venus (second planet from the sun)

Question 12

Why did the Mayan leaders spill their own blood? Page 273

Answer 12

To directly communicate with the supernatural residents

Question 13

Why did the Maya military forces fight? Page 273

Answer 13

To secure a captives rather than gain territory

Question 14

Describe the role of women in my in society. Page 273

Answer 14

Part of religious rituals, healers, shamans, gardeners, weavers, in managing their families

Question 15

What was the Toltec conquest state based on? Page 274

Answer 15

Military power

Question 16

What was the Toltec capital? Page 274

Answer 16

Tula

Question 17

What were the Aztec also known as? Page 275

Answer 17

Mexica

Question 18

What kind of social organization did the Aztec have? Page 275

Answer 18

Clan-based

Question 19

What did the Aztecs construct in order to provide enough food for the growing population? Page 276

Answer 19

Dikes

Question 20

What was the dual nature of Aztec gods? Page 277

Answer 20

They were both male and female

Question 21

What did the Aztec contribute to the religious life of Mesoamerica? Page 277

Answer 21

Cult of Huizilopochtil, S humming bird

Question 22

What were the two bases of Aztec economy? Page 277

Answer 22

War and agriculture

Question 23

What/who were Aztec sacrificial victims? Page 277

Answer 23

Captives, criminals, slaves, and people provided as tribute by dependent regions

Question 24

What three agricultural products played an important role in the development of the Mesoamerican societies? Page 277

Answer 24

1. Maize
2. Beans
3. Squash

Question 25

What were kivas and why were they so important/significant? Page 278

Answer 25

Chamber built all the way or partly underground in used by male Indians for religious rights

Question 26

What three reason were large mounds built North America? Page 280

Answer 26

Builders depended on hunting, gathering, and supplementation by limited cultivation of locally originated crops

Question 27

What was one way and your people prevented famine? Page 282

Answer 27

By learning how to freeze/dry/keep food cold

Question 28

What animals were domesticated the Andes and what were they use for? Page 282

Answer 28

Llamas and alpacas used for meat and wool

Question 29

Who have wealth and power among the Moche and what were some ways they were distinguish from the lower classes? Page 283

Answer 29

Rich clothing and jewelry

Question 30

The Inca were pastoralists. Explain what this means. Page 286

Answer 30

Went from high to low lands with their animals and were sheep and cattle farmers

Question 31

Describe the important roles of the mit'a in Incan society. Page 286

Answer 31

Created a material surplus that provided the necessities for old, weak, and ill in the Incan society

Question 32

What were the rulers that defeated regions required to do? Page 286

Answer 32

To send their heirs to live at the Incan Royal curtin Cuzco

Question 33

From what did the Incan royal family claim descent? And what was an obligation associated with kingships? Page 286

Answer 33

The sun and their extended imperial boundaries by warfare

Question 34

The peoples of Central America and Mexico built upon the achievements of what people? Page 269

Answer 34

The Olmecs