Chapter 14: Taking Charge Of One's Health

Question 1

Man needs difficulties; they are necessary for health

Answer 1

Carl Jung

Question 2

People sometimes use unconscious strategies called _______________ in order to cope with stress

Answer 2

Defense mechanism

Question 3

Events(stressors) perceived as challenging, damaging, or threatening to one’s physical or psychological well-being. Is experienced by all people in different degrees, feom mild to severe, depending on how people interpret the situation.

Answer 3

Stress

Question 4

Types of stress
Occurs when people experience positive events but requires them to adjust

Answer 4

Eustress

Question 5

Occurs when people experience negative events and make a great deal of demands on them

Answer 5

Distress

Question 6

They suggest that any life event that requires people to change, adapt, or adjust would likely result in stress

Answer 6

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rache

Question 7

Factors that causes stress
When people experience urgent demand as when targeting a deadline such as submission of school project, they are likely to experience _________.

Answer 7

Pressure

Question 8

Another factor causes stress is ________, especially when someone is prevented from satisfying a need or achieving his/her goal
conflict is also a factor causes stress.

Answer 8

Frustration

Question 9

Occurs when a person need to choose between two or many options

Answer 9

Conflict

Question 10

Four types of conflict

Answer 10

Approach -approach conflict
Avoidance - avoidance conflict
Approach- avoidance conflict
Multiple Conflict

Question 11

> Occurs when a person meeds to choose between two options that are both attractive

Answer 11

Approach -approach conflict

Question 12

➤occurs when a person needs to choose between options that he or she finds both unpleasant.

Answer 12

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 13

➤ occurs when a person needs to choose between options that have both positive and negative consequences.

Answer 13

Approach-avoidance conflict

Question 14

➤ occurs when there are more than two options. Students usually experience multiple conflict during examination period

Answer 14

Multiple conflict

Question 15

unconscious strategies used by people to cope with the pain and deal with anxiety

Answer 15

Defense mechanism

Question 16

> defense mechanism in which the person exhibits behaviors that stand apart from the standards of society and avoids most responsibilities of a good citizen.
➤ includes smoking, drug use, carly sex, and dropping out of school

Answer 16

Beatnik Reaction

Question 17

redirecting of thoughtstelling and impuses directed at person or obiect, but talen autonhother person or object. Anyone who is frustrated may also act aggressively such as destroying things or harming another person.

Answer 17

Displacement

Question 18

In which a person makes up for or covers up his or her weak areas by being supenor in other areas.

Answer 18

Overcompensation

Question 19

Defense mechanism

Answer 19

Denial
Identification
Intellectualization
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction -Formation
Regression
Repression

Question 20

➤occurs when a person refuses to accept a painful reality or truth.

Answer 20

Denial

Question 21

➤is imitating the characteristics of a person he or she admires to deal
with his or her insecurities.

Answer 21

Identification

Question 22

➤is avoiding negative emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects of one’s life.

Answer 22

Intellectualization

Question 23

➤is attributing one’s own weaknesses or shortcomings to someone else.

Answer 23

Projection

Question 24

➤is making up plausible explanations or excuses to cover up negative feelings such as guilt.

Answer 24

Rationalization

Question 25

➤is acting opposite to what the person truly feels.

Answer 25

Reaction formation

Question 26

➤a person reverts to an earlier psychosexual stage and begins to behave like a child.

Answer 26

Regression

Question 27

➤is pushing unacceptable impulses or urges into the unconscious.

Answer 27

Repression

Question 28

The psychologist who proposed the General Adaptation Syndrome.
He suggests that the body goes through three stages of physiological reactions during stressful events : alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 28

Hans Selye

Question 29

In trying to cope with the initial effects of stress, the sympathies nervous system is activated and releases hormones such as cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine that helps the body to fight off stress.

Answer 29

Alarm

Question 30

the body adapts to stress but continues to release hormones that help the body to adapt and fight off harmful effects of stress

Answer 30

Resistance

Question 31

Experienced by the body if stress is not properly dealt with in which the body may suffer psychomatic illness including colds, flu, allergies, headache, muscle pain as well as death

Answer 31

Exhaustion

Question 32

published in 1974 a model dividing stress into eustress and distress. His model argues that cognitive processes of appraisal are central in determining whether a situation is potentially threatening or harmful.

Answer 32

Cognitive View of Stress
Richard Lazarus

Question 33

In his theory, he suggests that the way people think about and appraise a stressor is a major factor in how stressful that particular stressor becomes.

Answer 33

Richard Lazarus

Question 34

Lazarus believes that there is a two-step process in appraising the degree of threat or harm of a stressor and how one should react to that stressor:

Answer 34

Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal

Question 35

o the individual appraises the severity of the stressor and classifies it as a threat, a challenge, or a harm or loss.

Answer 35

Primary appraisal

Question 36

o When we find ourselves in a stressful situation, we try to reassess the situation to see what we can do to lessen the negative ef fect.

o if the stressor is seen as a challenge (eg, quiz, exam), the individual may perceive it as less stressful and more likely to cope well. However, if the stressor is seen as a threat, negative emotions may ensue. More common emotional reactions to stress include anxiety, anger sogression apathy depassion and psychological impaiment

Answer 36

Secondary appraisal

Question 37

o a person from one culture who must live in another culture may experience a great deal of stress (Ciccarelli & White, 2012).

o For example, one primary source of stress imposed on immigrant Filipino workers in other countries is the need to adapt to a new culture.

Answer 37

Cultural Perspective

Question 38

is the process of adaptation by which immigrants, native groups, and ethnic minority groups adjust to the new culture making behavioral and attitudinal changes.
One cultural group adopting the practices of another cultural group is an example of Acculturation

Answer 38

Acculturation

Question 39

Refers to the feelings of tension and anxiety that accompany efforts to adapt to the orientation and values of a dominant culture

Answer 39

Acculturative stress

Question 40

The individual reduces the impact of the problem by looking for best solutions through his/her own effort

Answer 40

Problem-focused coping

Question 41

The individual uses this strategy to reduce the intensity of negative emotions

Answer 41

Emotion-Focused Coping

Question 42

A technique from medical devices and programs that the individual can use to recognize and control the symptoms of stress such as tension headache

Answer 42

Biofeedback

Question 43

(deep breathing, listening to music), meditation, and exercise (aerobic, swimming, jogging) can help individuz.is cope with everyday stress and control stress- related health problems, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

Answer 43

Relaxation techniques

Question 44

Research has shown that _________ is considered one of the most important ways of coping with stress (Camara, Bacigalupe, & Padilla, 2017).

It is likely that lack of social can make the Individual more vulnerable to stress

Answer 44

social support

Question 45

involves facing failure, insecurity or mistakes in completely different way. Unlike self-criticism, self-compassion builds greater resilience. strength and happiness.

Answer 45

Self-Compassion

Question 46

Self-compassion involves 3 things

Being kind and understanding with oneself as one would be with a friend Understanding that we are intrinsically-deserving of care and concern just like everybody else.

Answer 46

SELF-KINDNESS

Question 47

Understanding that we’re not alone irrn our mistakes. weakness and failures, that making mistakes is intrinsically human, and that they are a normal part of everyone’s life

Answer 47

COMMON HUMANITY

Question 48

Being mindful of one’s emotions and feelings without over-identifying with them ie validating our emotion without adding fuel to the fire

Self-compassion is learnable. The first step is to recognize how you respond to failure and choose the 3 elements of self-compassion instead of self-criticism.

Answer 48

MINDFULNESS

Question 49

the ability to control stress and develop the skills to prevent the harmful effects of stress

Answer 49

Stress Learn Management

Question 50

Factors causes stress

Answer 50

Pressure
Frustration
Conflict