Chapter 12: Learning To Be A Better Student Flashcards
The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change.
Carl Rogers
According to _____________, learning a new knowledge and a skills everyday keeps the structures of the brain changing and increases its ability to learn.
Neuroscientist
define learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experiences.
Behaviorists
define learning as a process that leads to change as a result of experience.
Cognitive psychologists
o In other words, _________ is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes through experience.
o It is a transformational process that leads to personal growth and development.
• Learning helps an individual to adapt to the constantly changing environment.
o It starts at birth and continues throughout life.
o It is a constant process that can result from direct and indirect experiences.
o Individuals learn from one another through observation and imitation
°Learning is important to the survival of human beings because it enables them to discover new knowledge, technology, and interventions.
Learning
Humans have the capacity to _____ new skills and adapt to new environments
learn
are powerful agents of change throughout one’s life that induce structural and functional plasticity in the neural system of the brain.
Development and learning
The brain’s ability to change throughout one’s life.
Neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain to change happens in two ways;
Increase number of synapse between neurons or change function and structure of neurons
The basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit impulses or messages.
Neurons
Transfer signals to other cells and organs
Axon
A junction where neurons transmit impulses or messages to another neuron
Synapse
are electrochemicals that connect and allow the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another.
Neurotransmitter
Fight or flight neurotransmitter
Adrenaline
Concentration neurotransmitter
Noradrenaline
Pleasure neurotransmitter
Dopamine
Mood neurotransmitter
Serotonin
Calming neurotransmitter
GABA
Learning neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Memory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Euphoria neurotransmitter
Endorphins
is the wrinkled layer of the brain that is packed with neurons and is responding for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain.
Cerebral cortex
Cortex has four lobes
Frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobe
The cerebral cortex plays a key role in human _________,_________, ________and _________ (Rathus, 2017)
learning, thought, memory, and language
Leader in the field of neuroplasticity research
Dr. Micheal Merzenich
The awareness of one’s thinking and strategies one uses to learn. All about thinking.
Metacognition
Two components of metacognition
Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation
Includes knowledge of one’s own cognitive abilities, knowledge of cognitive taste, and knowledge of the strategies to complete the cognitive task
Metacognitive knowledge
refers to how individual monitors and controls his or her cognitive processes
Metacognitive regulation
A psychologist about metacognition
John Flavell
_____________ (2002) defines self-regulated learning (SRL) as the process in which students systematically direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions toward the attainment of their academic goals.
•it is a process of taking control of and evaluating one’s own learning and behavior.
•it is a self-directed process through which students transform their mental abilities into academic skills.
Zimmerman
it is also a cyclical process in which the student plans for a task, monitors his or her performance, and reflects the outcome.
The cycle is then repeated as the student uses his or her reflections to adjust and prepare for the next task.
Thun students practice their self- regulation learning by setting goals, selecting and using strategies, monitoring their performance, and reflecting on their learning outcomes (Zimmerman, 2008).
Self-Regulated Learning (SRL)
Three essential components of self-regulated learning
- ➤ increases efficiency, control, and motivation.
- ➤allows students to learn to think and look for solutions when faced with adversities, self-evaluation.
- ➤increases self-awareness that leads to the better understanding of one’s own emotions, strengths, and weaknesses.
Planning
Problem solving
Self-evaluation
